Royal Pier fishing today
- Best time tomorrow 4:00–5:30 pm good day · 8/10
- Tide now 16.7 ft ↓ falling · low 4:46 am (2.9 ft)
- Waves · water 4.1 ft · 55 °F slight · 8.1 s from the west-southwest
- Wind · air 6 mph · 54 °F from the S, gusts 10 · overcast
- Sun 7:05 am–4:55 pm 9 h 50 min of daylight
- Moon 92% · 5:36 pm waning gibbous · rises at 5:36 pm
- Coefficient 101 big spring tides · spring tides Oct 26–28
- Major solunar period 12:39–2:39 am today's activity: high
Today in Royal Pier there are high tides at 9:05 am (17.1 ft) and 9:29 pm (16.9 ft) and low tides at 4:00 am and 4:26 pm. Tide coefficient 101. Right now the tide is falling toward the low tide at 4:46 am. The sun rises at 7:05 am and sets at 4:55 pm: 9 h 50 min of daylight. The moon is 92% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 5:36 pm. Major solunar periods run from 12:39 am to 2:39 am and from 1:10 pm to 3:10 pm. The next spring tides arrive from October 26 to 28. The sea is slight, with 4.1 ft waves. There's a light breeze from the south (6 mph). Overcast, 54 °F.
Fishing in Royal Pier today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: high- Low tide at 4:26 pm
- Minor period 5:06–6:06 pm (moonrise)
- Sunset at 4:55 pm, golden hour from 4:05 pm
- Rising pressure (+0.33 inHg in 24 h), light onshore wind (9 mph) and some swell (4.9 ft waves) to stir the water
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 101 (big spring tides)
- A minor period lines up with sunset
Your day at a glance
The best window, 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm, combines the 4:26 pm low tide, moonrise, sunset, a light onshore breeze and some swell, though with rising pressure.
Species with the most records nearby: European plaice, whiting, small-spotted catshark and thornback ray. October is one of the months when these are seen most: European plaice and whiting. What you can catch
About Royal PierThe pier
In Aberystwyth, 0.2 mi from the center. Tides, weather and sun in Aberystwyth →
Data from OpenStreetMap and Wikidata: some may be missing or out of date. Check the rules and hours on site. Wikipedia · See on OpenStreetMap · Fix on OpenStreetMap
Beach day in Royal Pier
Is it a beach day?
- Low tide at 4:26 pm: more sand
- Cloudy (86% cloud cover)
- Feels like 52 °F: chilly for the beach
- Rain (0.03 in)
- Moderate onshore wind (17 mph): choppy water
- Dangerous for swimming: 7.3 ft waves every 8 s; high rip current risk
Dangerous surf during beach hours. Stay out if the red flag is up, and never swim where there is no lifeguard.
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Dangerous · 7.3 ft
7.3 ft waves every 8 s: dangerous for swimming. Stay out if the red flag is up. High rip current risk. If you're caught in a rip current, don't swim against it: swim parallel to shore and wave for help. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 55 °F
Very cold: ease in and keep swims short.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 1 · SPF 15
Max UV 1 (low): SPF 15 sunscreen.
- Wind 17 mph
Moderate onshore wind (17 mph).
- Tide & sand 4:00 am
Low tide at 4:00 am and 4:26 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 9:05 am and 9:29 pm. Coefficient 101 (spring tides): little sand left at high tide.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Royal Pier
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- North Beach 0.3 mi · N
- RNLI lifeguards in season
- Restrooms
- Parking
Good water quality 2025 season, Natural Resources Wales
- South Beach 0.3 mi · SW
- RNLI lifeguards in season
- Restrooms
- Parking
Good water quality 2025 season, Natural Resources Wales
- Traeth Tan-y-bwlch 1.0 mi · S
- Parking
- Clarach Beach 1.3 mi · N
- RNLI lifeguards in season
- Parking
Good water quality 2025 season, Natural Resources Wales
- Ynyslas Beach 5.6 mi · N
- RNLI lifeguards in season
- Restrooms
- Showers
- Parking
Excellent water quality 2025 season, Natural Resources Wales
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
UK bathing water quality: Natural Resources Wales. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Full attribution. Lifeguards: RNLI. Contains Open Data licensed under the GIS Open Data Licence.
Webcams near Royal Pier
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Royal Pier
Today's high and low tides
- ▼ Low tide 4:00 am 2.5 ft
- ▲ High tide 9:05 am 17.1 ft · coef. 101
- ▼ Low tide 4:26 pm 2.5 ft
- ▲ High tide 9:29 pm 16.9 ft · coef. 98
↓ Falling The tide is falling. 6 h 51 min to low tide at 4:46 am.
Tide coefficient 101 for the 9:05 am high tide and 98 for the 9:29 pm high tide. Big spring tides. The water rises and falls 14.6 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on December 26 (17.7 ft) and the lowest, on August 14 (0.6 ft).
Semidiurnal: two high and two low tides a day, of similar height.
Heights above chart datum: the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the zero of nautical charts in Europe. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. chart datum (LAT)
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 26 to 28 (coefficient 102, 14.7 ft range). The smallest, from October 19 to 20 (coefficient 26, 4.3 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Wed 28 | 7:05 am · 4:55 pm | Low tide 4:00 am · 2.5 ft | High tide 9:05 am · 17.1 ft | Low tide 4:26 pm · 2.5 ft | High tide 9:29 pm · 16.9 ft | Coef. 101 | 92% | Major periods 12:39 am · 1:10 pm | High |
| Thu 29 | 7:07 am · 4:53 pm | Low tide 4:46 am · 2.9 ft | High tide 9:47 am · 16.9 ft | Low tide 5:16 pm · 2.9 ft | High tide 10:13 pm · 16.3 ft | Coef. 95 | 85% | Major periods 1:42 am · 2:15 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 7:09 am · 4:51 pm | Low tide 5:35 am · 3.7 ft | High tide 10:33 am · 16.3 ft | Low tide 6:08 pm · 3.5 ft | High tide 11:02 pm · 15.2 ft | Coef. 84 | 76% | Major periods 2:47 am · 3:19 pm | Medium |
| Sat 31 | 7:10 am · 4:49 pm | Low tide 6:27 am · 4.5 ft | High tide 11:23 am · 15.4 ft | Low tide 7:06 pm · 4.2 ft | High tide 11:57 pm · 13.9 ft | Coef. 71 | 65% | Major periods 3:50 am · 4:20 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 7:12 am · 4:47 pm | Low tide 7:26 am · 5.3 ft | High tide 12:21 pm · 14.3 ft | Low tide 8:16 pm · 4.7 ft | — | Coef. 57 | Last quarter | Major periods 4:49 am · 5:16 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 7:14 am · 4:45 pm | High tide 1:02 am · 12.7 ft | Low tide 8:36 am · 5.8 ft | High tide 1:30 pm · 13.4 ft | Low tide 9:34 pm · 4.8 ft | Coef. 52 | 43% | Major periods 5:43 am · 6:08 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 7:16 am · 4:43 pm | High tide 2:19 am · 11.9 ft | Low tide 9:54 am · 5.7 ft | High tide 2:50 pm · 13.0 ft | Low tide 10:48 pm · 4.3 ft | Coef. 49 | 32% | Major periods 6:32 am · 6:56 pm | Medium |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above chart datum (LAT). Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Royal Pier has no station of its own, so we use the tide at Barmouth (Environment Agency), 21 mi away. On the open coast the difference is usually a few minutes and inches; inside estuaries, rivers and enclosed bays it can be much larger.
Station data attribution: This uses Environment Agency tide gauge data from the real-time data API (Beta): Barmouth (E73224), https://environment.data.gov.uk/flood-monitoring/id/stations/E73224. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/). Modified: harmonic constants fitted by TidePlanet from the 15-minute sea levels of 2025-10-29 to 2026-10-22 (348 days).
The sea at Royal Pier
Sea stateSea state: slight
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common2.0 ft
- Significant4.1 ft
- Highest expectedHighest8.2 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 8.2 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 8.2 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-offshore wind. The coast faces west and the wind comes off the land at an angle: calmer water near the shore, and bait and boats drift out to sea.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves ease over the next few days. The biggest waves arrive on Wednesday 28: 7.5 ft with a period of 8 s, from the west-southwest (moderate).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water is steady these days, with no sudden changes.
Water about normal for late October.
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 9:56 pm (local time).
Surf in Royal Pier today
Surf today
Poor- 3.0–4.6 ft surf at the shore, a good size with some punch
- 4.1 ft swell at 6 s from the west-southwest, short: weak, messy waves
- Light onshore wind (11 mph): a bit of chop
- Falling tide (high tide at 9:29 pm)
- Light: First light 6:29 am · sunrise 7:05 am · sunset 4:55 pm · last light 5:30 pm
- Tide: low 4:00 am (2.5 ft), high 9:05 am (17.1 ft), low 4:26 pm (2.5 ft) and high 9:29 pm (17.0 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 55.4 °F: a 5/4 fullsuit with booties (and a hood if it’s windy).
- Energy: 111 kJ · Medium power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 3:00 pm to 5:30 pm, has a good size, though with a short-period swell and onshore wind. 8:00 am to 9:00 am can also work, with a good size, though with wind swell and onshore wind.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Royal Pier today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: poor- Slack water around low tide (4:26 pm): little current from 4:00 pm to 4:41 pm
- 4.1 ft swell at 6 s from the west-southwest: some surge on the bottom
- Light onshore wind (11 mph)
- 0.2 mph current toward the southwest, weak (model)
- Daylight
- Slack water today: low tide 4:00 am (3:30–4:20 am), high tide 9:05 am (8:50–9:20 am), low tide 4:26 pm (4:00–4:41 pm) and high tide 9:29 pm (9:14–9:44 pm)
- Likely visibility: poor. Swell (up to 7.3 ft at 9 s), rain (0.51 in) and wind over the last few days have stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 55.4 °F: a 7 mm semi-dry suit, with hood, gloves and booties.
- Snorkeling: better not, with these waves, wind or current.
- Night dive: dark from 5:30 pm. Waning gibbous (92%), rising at 5:36 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 3:30 pm to 4:50 pm, combines slack water at low tide, light wind and weak current, though with some swell.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Weather in Royal Pier
Now in Royal Pier
- Low / high
- 51 / 57 °F
- Rain
- 0.15 in · 100%
- Clouds
- 100%
- Humidity
- 89%
- Dew pointDew point
- 51 °F
- Visibility
- 15 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 22
- Saharan dust
- No
- Pollen
- None
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady · now Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Steady now (+0.03 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: +0.12 inHg. Steady pressure: anglers expect normal activity. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Partly cloudy | Light rain | Light rain | Light showers | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast |
| Temperature | 52° | 53° | 55° | 56° | 57° | 57° | 55° | 55° |
| Wind (mph) | 13 SW | 14 SW | 19 SW | 17 SW | 17 WSW | 13 WSW | 8 SW | 7 SSW |
| Gusts | 25 | 21 | 30 | 27 | 27 | 24 | 14 | 11 |
| Waves | 7.0 ft | 7.0 ft | 7.5 ft | 7.2 ft | 6.2 ft | 5.2 ft | 4.7 ft | 4.2 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.01 in | 0.02 in | 0.02 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 9:00 pm 55° 7 SSW 4.2 ft
- 12:00 am 54° 5 SE 3.8 ft
- 3:00 am 54° 4 SE 3.4 ft
- 6:00 am 53° 4 SE 3.0 ft
- 9:00 am 54° 7 SE 2.8 ft
- 12:00 pm 58° 10 SSE 2.6 ft
- 3:00 pm 58° 8 SSE 2.4 ft
- 6:00 pm 54° 5 ESE 2.4 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 28 | 51 / 57 °F | 19 mph SW | 7.5 ft | 9:05 am · 9:29 pm | |
| Thu 29 | 51 / 58 °F | 11 mph SE | 3.8 ft | 9:47 am · 10:13 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 48 / 58 °F | 8 mph SE | 2.7 ft | 10:33 am · 11:02 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 45 / 58 °F | 5 mph SE | 2.6 ft | 11:23 am · 11:57 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 44 / 55 °F | 4 mph ESE | 1.5 ft | 12:21 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 42 / 52 °F | 9 mph ENE | 1.0 ft | 1:02 am · 1:30 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 42 / 53 °F | 9 mph ENE | 0.7 ft | 2:19 am · 2:50 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 46 / 53 °F | 9 mph ENE | 1.4 ft | 3:42 am · 4:11 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 46 / 52 °F | 11 mph E | 1.4 ft | 4:53 am · 5:16 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 44 / 52 °F | 14 mph E | 0.8 ft | 5:47 am · 6:07 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 43 / 49 °F | 13 mph E | 1.2 ft | 6:32 am · 6:51 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 45 / 54 °F | 10 mph E | 1.0 ft | 7:12 am · 7:30 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 53 / 60 °F | 8 mph SE | 1.2 ft | 7:50 am · 8:06 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 54 / 58 °F | 7 mph ESE | 0.9 ft | 8:26 am · 8:41 pm |
- Thu 29 Overcast 51° / 58° 3.8 ft
- Fri 30 Overcast 48° / 58° 2.7 ft
- Sat 31 Fog 45° / 58° 2.6 ft
- Sun 1 Fog 44° / 55° 1.5 ft
- Mon 2 Overcast 42° / 52° 1.0 ft
- Tue 3 Overcast 42° / 53° 0.7 ft
- Wed 4 Partly cloudy 46° / 53° 1.4 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- Normal Today, warmer than normal for late October (+2.4 °F; normal high: 55 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 9:56 pm (local time).
The sun in Royal Pier
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 5:49 am
- Full dark 6:10 pm
- Civil dawn 6:29 am
- Civil dusk 5:30 pm
- Solar noon 12:00 pm (24° high)
- Daylight 9 h 50 min (−4 min)
- Evening golden hour 4:05 pm
- Full dark 6:10 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,359,584 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Royal Pier
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,451 mi away and looks 32′ 47″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: high- 12:39–2:39 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 1:10–3:10 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 10:09–11:09 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 5:06–6:06 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 8:29 pmNov 1 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 7:03 amNov 9 in 12 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 11:48 amNov 17 in 20 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 2:54 pmNov 24 in 27 days
Perigee on October 28, 226,426 mi away, coinciding with the spring tides from October 26 to 28: they will be stronger than usual.
Where to fish in Royal Pier
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Royal Pier 0.0 mi
- Boat ramp 0.3 mi
- Boat ramp 0.6 mi
- Boat ramp 4.8 mi
- Boat ramp 7.5 mi
- Boat ramp 8.0 mi
- Boat ramp 8.4 mi
- Boat ramp 9.0 mi
- Old Harbour 0.3 mi
- Aberystwyth Marina 0.4 mi
- GB Fishing 0.1 mi
- Aber Fishing Tackle 0.3 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Shallow, gradualShallow, gradual bottom: you need to go 1.3 mi out for 33 ft of water.
From the shoreline out to sea, heading west.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep0.6 mi
- 33 ft deep1.3 mi
- 66 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Shallow, gradual bottom (16 ft at 0.6 mi): cast far from the beach and fish the high tide, when there is more water close in.
- Swimming. A very gentle way in with plenty of shallow water, good for kids. At low tide the water can be far out.
- Diving. Shallow near shore: you only reach 33 ft at 1.3 mi. For dives deeper than 33 ft, go by boat.
Rough estimate: here the data comes in cells of about 0.3 mi and misses details near shore (rocks, sandbars, small coves).
Source: EMODnet Bathymetry DTM 2024, here using the GEBCO grid (CC BY 4.0), cells of about 0.3 mi; depth at the lowest astronomical tide. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Tides near Royal PierTides nearby
- Aberystwyth0.2 mi
- Penparcau1.0 mi
- Borth5.3 mi
- Llanrhystud8.0 mi
- Llan-non10 mi
- Tywyn12 mi
- Aberaeron14 mi
- Llwyngwril17 mi
- Fairbourne19 mi
- Barmouth21 mi
Royal Pier at a glance
- Pier. Coordinates: 52.416° N, 4.088° W.
- In Aberystwyth, 0.2 mi from the center.
- The nearest tide station, Barmouth, is 21 mi to the north.
- Its coast faces west.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Aberyswyth Marina (0.4 mi).
Questions about Royal PierQuestions
Where is Royal Pier?
A pier in Aberystwyth, 0.2 mi from the center, Ceredigion (United Kingdom). The coast faces west.
Can you fish at Royal Pier?
OpenStreetMap doesn't say whether fishing is allowed. Check the rules on site and the local fishing license: they can change.
What time is high tide today in Royal Pier?
Today in Royal Pier there are high tides at 9:05 am (17.1 ft) and 9:29 pm (16.9 ft) and low tides at 4:00 am and 4:26 pm. Tide coefficient 101.
What time is sunset today in Royal Pier?
At 4:55 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 5:30 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Royal Pier?
At 7:07 am. First light comes at 5:51 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 92% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 7:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From October 26 to 28, together with the lunar perigee: they will be stronger than usual.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 12:39–2:39 am, Minor 10:09–11:09 am, Major 1:10–3:10 pm, Minor 5:06–6:06 pm. Today's activity is high.
What's the weather like today in Royal Pier?
Light showers, from 51 °F to 57 °F, with a light breeze from the south (6 mph) and a 100% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Royal Pier?
Slight (Douglas 3): 4.1 ft waves with a period of 8.1 s from the west-southwest. The water is 55.4 °F.
When is the best time to visit Royal Pier?
The best time to visit Royal Pier is from June to August: highs of 63 °F to 66 °F, about 13 rainy days a month and 6 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Barmouth tide gauge (UK National Tide Gauge Network). This uses Environment Agency tide gauge data from the real-time data API (Beta), under the Open Government Licence v3.0; constants fitted by TidePlanet from a year of its readings. Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).