Playa Esperanza today
- Beach tomorrow 2:00–5:00 pm Good beach day · 8/10
- Tide now 0.6 ft ↑ rising · high 9:40 pm (0.7 ft)
- Best time tomorrow 3:00–4:00 am average day · 6/10
- Waves · water 2.6 ft · 86 °F slight · 5.4 s from the east-southeast
- Wind · air 9 mph · 84 °F from the ESE, gusts 13 · light drizzle
- Surf tomorrow 1.4–2.1 ft Poor day · 0/10 · 6:00–10:00 am
- Sun 6:20 am–5:51 pm 11 h 32 min of daylight
- Moon 91% · 8:03 pm waning gibbous · rises at 8:03 pm
Today in Playa Esperanza there are high tides at 10:34 am (1.6 ft) and 9:40 pm (0.7 ft) and low tides at 3:10 am and 5:35 pm. Tide coefficient 84. Right now the tide is rising toward the high tide at 9:40 pm. The sun rises at 6:20 am and sets at 5:51 pm: 11 h 32 min of daylight. The moon is 91% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 8:03 pm. Major solunar periods run from 12:55 am to 2:55 am and from 1:27 pm to 3:27 pm. The next spring tides arrive from October 26 to 28. The sea is slight, with 2.6 ft waves. There's a gentle breeze from the east-southeast (9 mph). Light drizzle, 84 °F.
Beach day in Playa Esperanza
Is it a beach day?
3 good hoursRip current risk tomorrow: low (NWS)
Rip currents can still form near jetties, piers and reefs: swim near a lifeguard.
- Sunny
- Feels like 92 °F: hot
- Onshore breeze (12 mph)
- Calm for swimming: 2.8 ft waves
- UV 6 (moderate): SPF 30 sunscreen
- Water at 87 °F (very warm)
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Calm · 2.8 ft
2.8 ft waves: calm for swimming. Low rip current risk. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 86 °F
Very warm: barely refreshing.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 8 · SPF 50
Max UV 8 (very high): SPF 50 sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours. Seek shade 12:00–1:00 pm (very high UV).
- Wind 12 mph
Onshore breeze (12 mph).
- Tide & sand 3:10 am
Low tide at 3:10 am and 5:35 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 10:34 am and 9:40 pm.
The best window, 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm, brings sunshine, beach weather, little wind, a calm sea, water at 87 °F and low tide at 5:35 pm, though with rain. 7:00 am to 9:00 am can also work, with sunshine, beach weather, little wind, a calm sea and water at 85 °F, though with rain.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
About Playa EsperanzaThe beach
In Esperanza, 0.2 mi from the center. Tides, weather and sun in Esperanza →
- Parking
Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. See on OpenStreetMap · Fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches near Playa Esperanza
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Coconut Beach 0.6 mi · W
- Parking
- Playa Sun Bay 0.7 mi · E
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Playa Media Luna 1.4 mi · E
- Navio Beach 1.8 mi · E
- Mosquito Bay Beach 1.9 mi · E
- Playa Novillo 2.2 mi · E
- Playa Grande 2.7 mi · W
- Playa Caracas 3.9 mi · E
Water quality: check the official beach advisories for Puerto Rico (Department of Natural and Environmental Resources).
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Webcams near Playa Esperanza
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Fishing in Playa Esperanza today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: medium- Low tide at 5:35 pm
- Sunset at 5:51 pm, golden hour from 5:22 pm
- Steady pressure (29.94 inHg), light onshore wind (7 mph) and some swell (2.6 ft waves) to stir the water
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 84 (average tides)
Your day at a glance
The best window, 5:20 pm to 6:10 pm, combines the 5:35 pm low tide, sunset, a light onshore breeze and some swell. Also good from 2:10 am to 2:50 am, with the 3:10 am low tide, a major period, a light onshore breeze and some swell. Also good from 9:30 am to 11:30 am, with the 10:34 am high tide, a light onshore breeze and some swell.
Species with the most records nearby: yellowtail snapper, lane snapper, gray snapper and mutton snapper. October is one of the months when these are seen most: mutton snapper and almaco jack. What you can catch
Tides in Playa Esperanza
Today's high and low tides
- ▼ Low tide 3:10 am -0.1 ft
- ▲ High tide 10:34 am 1.6 ft · coef. 84
- ▼ Low tide 5:35 pm 0.5 ft
- ▲ Next high tide 9:40 pm 0.7 ft · coef. 81
↑ Rising The tide is rising. 1 h 46 min to high tide at 9:40 pm.
Tide coefficient 84 for the 10:34 am high tide and 81 for the 9:40 pm high tide. Average coefficient. The water rises and falls 1.6 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on November 25 (1.6 ft) and the lowest, on May 17 (-0.4 ft).
Mixed: two high and two low tides a day, but of quite different heights.
Heights above mean lower low water (MLLW), the zero of US nautical charts. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. MLLW
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 8 to 10 (coefficient 87, 1.2 ft range). The smallest, from October 17 to 19 (coefficient 43, 0.9 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Wed 28 | 6:20 am · 5:51 pm | Low tide 3:10 am · -0.1 ft | High tide 10:34 am · 1.6 ft | Low tide 5:35 pm · 0.5 ft | High tide 9:40 pm · 0.7 ft | Coef. 84 | 91% | Major periods 12:55 am · 1:27 pm | Medium |
| Thu 29 | 6:20 am · 5:51 pm | Low tide 3:58 am · -0.1 ft | High tide 11:29 am · 1.5 ft | Low tide 6:37 pm · 0.5 ft | High tide 10:30 pm · 0.7 ft | Coef. 78 | 84% | Major periods 1:59 am · 2:31 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 6:20 am · 5:50 pm | Low tide 4:53 am · -0.1 ft | High tide 12:29 pm · 1.5 ft | Low tide 7:38 pm · 0.5 ft | High tide 11:31 pm · 0.7 ft | Coef. 72 | 74% | Major periods 3:04 am · 3:35 pm | Medium |
| Sat 31 | 6:21 am · 5:50 pm | Low tide 5:54 am · 0.0 ft | High tide 1:31 pm · 1.4 ft | Low tide 8:36 pm · 0.5 ft | — | Coef. 68 | 63% | Major periods 4:06 am · 4:35 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 6:21 am · 5:49 pm | High tide 12:46 am · 0.7 ft | Low tide 7:02 am · 0.1 ft | High tide 2:32 pm · 1.4 ft | Low tide 9:27 pm · 0.5 ft | Coef. 66 | Last quarter | Major periods 5:04 am · 5:31 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 6:22 am · 5:49 pm | High tide 2:13 am · 0.8 ft | Low tide 8:16 am · 0.2 ft | High tide 3:29 pm · 1.3 ft | Low tide 10:11 pm · 0.5 ft | Coef. 66 | 41% | Major periods 5:57 am · 6:22 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 6:22 am · 5:49 pm | High tide 3:39 am · 1.0 ft | Low tide 9:34 am · 0.4 ft | High tide 4:20 pm · 1.2 ft | Low tide 10:50 pm · 0.4 ft | Coef. 69 | 31% | Major periods 6:46 am · 7:09 pm | Medium |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above MLLW. Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Tides from the Isabel Segunda station (NOAA), 4.4 mi from Playa Esperanza. Times and heights are its predictions.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database)
The sea at Playa Esperanza
Sea stateSea state: slight
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common1.3 ft
- Significant2.6 ft
- Highest expectedHighest5.3 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 5.3 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 5.3 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
The model doesn't separate offshore wind here: it's the same as on the coast.
Cross-shore wind. The coast faces south and the wind blows along the shore: drift and current run parallel to the beach.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves stay much the same all week. The biggest waves arrive on Wednesday 28: 3.0 ft with a period of 5 s, from the east-southeast (slight).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water is steady these days, with no sudden changes.
Water warmer than normal for late October (+2.4 °F).
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 7:54 pm (local time).
Nearest marine station
This is a real measurement of the sea, not a forecast. Data from station ESPP4, NOAA National Data Buoy Center (public domain).
Surf in Playa Esperanza today
Surf today
Poor- 1.4–2.1 ft surf at the shore, a fun size for most surfers
- 1.8 ft swell at 4 s from the south-southeast, short: weak, messy waves
- Light cross-shore wind (9 mph): a bit of chop
- Rising tide (high tide at 10:34 am)
Rip current risk tomorrow: low (NWS)
Rip currents can still form near jetties, piers and reefs: swim near a lifeguard.
Surf height from the NWS, tomorrow: 3.0 ft
- Light: First light 5:57 am · sunrise 6:20 am · sunset 5:51 pm · last light 6:14 pm
- Tide: low 3:10 am (-0.1 ft), high 10:34 am (1.6 ft), low 5:35 pm (0.5 ft) and high 9:40 pm (0.7 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 85.3 °F–86.7 °F: boardshorts or a swimsuit and a rash guard.
- Energy: 13 kJ · Low power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window is 6:00 am to 10:00 am, though with a short-period swell.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Diving in Playa Esperanza today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: good- Slack water around high tide (10:34 am): little current from 10:10 am to 10:50 am
- 1.8 ft swell at 4 s from the south-southeast: some surge on the bottom
- Light onshore wind (12 mph)
- 0.2 mph current toward the north, weak (model)
- Sun high: more light underwater
- Slack water today: low tide 3:10 am (2:50–3:30 am), high tide 10:34 am (10:10–10:50 am), low tide 5:35 pm (5:00–6:20 pm) and high tide 9:40 pm (9:00–10:10 pm)
- Likely visibility: good. Swell (up to 2.8 ft at 5 s) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 85.3–86.7 °F: a shorty or a rash guard.
- Snorkeling: doable, with some waves or wind.
- Night dive: dark from 6:14 pm. Waning gibbous (91%), rising at 8:03 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 9:50 am to 11:30 am, combines slack water at high tide, light wind, weak current and the sun high. Also good from 4:40 pm to 5:50 pm, with slack water at low tide, light wind and weak current.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Weather in Playa Esperanza
Now in Playa Esperanza
- Low / high
- 82 / 86 °F
- Rain
- 0.21 in · 76%
- Clouds
- 6%
- Humidity
- 71%
- Dew pointDew point
- 74 °F
- Visibility
- 5.6 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 23
- Saharan dust
- No
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising · now Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Rising now (+0.04 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: −0.05 inHg. Rising pressure: anglers say fish bite less for a while. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Light drizzle | Light drizzle | Light drizzle | Drizzle | Drizzle | Light drizzle | Light drizzle | Clear |
| Temperature | 85° | 83° | 83° | 85° | 86° | 85° | 84° | 84° |
| Wind (mph) | 10 ESE | 10 ESE | 11 E | 9 SE | 12 SE | 10 SE | 7 ESE | 10 ESE |
| Gusts | 14 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 |
| Waves | 3.0 ft | 2.8 ft | 2.8 ft | 2.8 ft | 2.8 ft | 2.8 ft | 2.6 ft | 2.6 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.01 in | 0.02 in | 0.02 in | 0.01 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 9:00 pm 84° 10 ESE 2.6 ft
- 12:00 am 84° 12 ESE 2.6 ft
- 3:00 am 83° 13 ESE 2.8 ft
- 6:00 am 84° 14 ESE 3.0 ft
- 9:00 am 84° 13 ESE 2.9 ft
- 12:00 pm 85° 12 ESE 2.8 ft
- 3:00 pm 84° 13 ESE 2.9 ft
- 6:00 pm 84° 11 ESE 2.9 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 28 | 82 / 86 °F | 12 mph ESE | 3.0 ft | 10:34 am · 9:40 pm | |
| Thu 29 | 83 / 85 °F | 14 mph ESE | 3.0 ft | 11:29 am · 10:30 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 81 / 84 °F | 14 mph E | 2.8 ft | 12:29 pm · 11:31 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 79 / 83 °F | 14 mph E | 2.9 ft | 1:31 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 81 / 84 °F | 14 mph E | 2.9 ft | 12:46 am · 2:32 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 81 / 84 °F | 14 mph ESE | 2.8 ft | 2:13 am · 3:29 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 79 / 84 °F | 11 mph SE | 2.7 ft | 3:39 am · 4:20 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 77 / 84 °F | 11 mph SE | 2.5 ft | 4:54 am · 5:06 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 81 / 84 °F | 9 mph SE | 1.9 ft | 5:57 am · 5:48 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 83 / 84 °F | 10 mph ESE | 2.0 ft | 6:51 am · 6:28 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 83 / 85 °F | 12 mph E | 2.4 ft | 7:39 am · 7:07 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 81 / 83 °F | 13 mph ENE | 2.6 ft | 8:23 am · 7:45 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 82 / 84 °F | 11 mph E | 2.3 ft | 9:04 am · 8:22 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 82 / 84 °F | 9 mph E | 1.9 ft | 9:44 am · 8:59 pm |
- Thu 29 Light drizzle 83° / 85° 3.0 ft
- Fri 30 Drizzle 81° / 84° 2.8 ft
- Sat 31 Heavy drizzle 79° / 83° 2.9 ft
- Sun 1 Drizzle 81° / 84° 2.9 ft
- Mon 2 Drizzle 81° / 84° 2.8 ft
- Tue 3 Heavy drizzle 79° / 84° 2.7 ft
- Wed 4 Heavy drizzle 77° / 84° 2.5 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models They don't agree · low confidence: unsure about rain tomorrow. See the models →
- Outlook Next few weeks, compared with normal: a bit warmer, normal rain and a slightly warmer sea. See the outlook →
- Normal Today, normal highs for late October (87 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 7:54 pm (local time).
The sun in Playa Esperanza
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 5:32 am
- Full dark 6:39 pm
- Civil dawn 5:57 am
- Civil dusk 6:14 pm
- Solar noon 12:06 pm (59° high)
- Daylight 11 h 32 min (−1 min)
- Evening golden hour 5:22 pm
- Full dark 6:39 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,355,418 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Playa Esperanza
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,429 mi away and looks 32′ 47″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: medium- 12:55–2:55 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 1:27–3:27 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 8:19–9:19 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 7:33–8:33 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 4:29 pmNov 1 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 3:03 amNov 9 in 12 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 7:48 amNov 17 in 20 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 10:54 amNov 24 in 27 days
Perigee on October 28, 226,426 mi away, coinciding with the spring tides from October 26 to 28: they will be stronger than usual.
Where to fish in Playa Esperanza
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
We have no piers, boat ramps or tackle shops on record within 9.3 mi of Playa Esperanza.
If you know one, you can add it to OpenStreetMap and it will show up here after the next update. Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Gentle slopeThe bottom slopes gently: 16 ft deep 0.5 mi from shore and 33 ft at 0.5 mi. It reaches 164 ft at 2.2 mi.
From the shoreline out to sea, heading south.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep0.5 mi
- 33 ft deep0.5 mi
- 66 ft deep1.2 mi
- 164 ft deep2.2 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Shallow, gradual bottom (16 ft at 0.5 mi): cast far from the beach and fish the high tide, when there is more water close in.
- Swimming. A very gentle way in with plenty of shallow water, good for kids. At low tide the water can be far out.
- Diving. 33 ft deep 0.5 mi from shore; 66 ft is far out (1.2 mi): for deeper dives, go by boat.
Source: NOAA U.S. Coastal Relief Model (public domain), cells of about 300 ft; depth below mean sea level. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Nearest lighthouse
Puerto Ferro Light 3.1 mi east
Other lighthouses nearby: Punta Mulas Light (4.5 mi northeast).
Data from Wikidata. For reference only: not for navigation. Wikipedia · Wikidata · Sources and licenses
Tides near Playa EsperanzaTides nearby
- Esperanza0.2 mi
- Isabell II4.2 mi
- Aguas Claras16 mi
- Ceiba17 mi
- Daguao17 mi
- Luis M. Cintrón18 mi
- Culebra18 mi
- Punta Santiago19 mi
- Naguabo19 mi
- Fajardo20 mi
Playa Esperanza at a glance
- Beach. Coordinates: 18.094° N, 65.471° W.
- It is 4.2 mi southwest of Isabell II, the main place in Vieques. The sun rises at the same time and sets at the same time than in Isabell II.
- In Esperanza, 0.2 mi from the center.
- The nearest tide station, Isabel Segunda, is 4.4 mi to the northeast.
- Its coast faces south.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Playa Sun Bay (0.7 mi), Playa Media Luna (1.4 mi), Navío Beach (1.8 mi), Mosquito Bay Beach (1.9 mi).
Questions about Playa EsperanzaQuestions
Where is Playa Esperanza?
In Esperanza, 0.2 mi from the center, Vieques (Puerto Rico). The shore faces south.
What amenities does Playa Esperanza have?
According to OpenStreetMap: parking. Some may be missing or out of date, so ask at the beach.
How clean is the water at Playa Esperanza?
There's no open yearly bathing water rating in the US. Each state and territory monitors its beaches and posts an advisory when swimming isn't safe: check the official beach advisories for Puerto Rico (Department of Natural and Environmental Resources).
What time is high tide today in Playa Esperanza?
Today in Playa Esperanza there are high tides at 10:34 am (1.6 ft) and 9:40 pm (0.7 ft) and low tides at 3:10 am and 5:35 pm. Tide coefficient 84.
What time is sunset today in Playa Esperanza?
At 5:51 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 6:14 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Playa Esperanza?
At 6:20 am. First light comes at 5:32 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 91% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 3:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From October 26 to 28, together with the lunar perigee: they will be stronger than usual.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 12:55–2:55 am, Minor 8:19–9:19 am, Major 1:27–3:27 pm, Minor 7:33–8:33 pm. Today's activity is medium.
What's the weather like today in Playa Esperanza?
Drizzle, from 82 °F to 86 °F, with a gentle breeze from the east-southeast (9 mph) and a 76% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Playa Esperanza?
Slight (Douglas 3): 2.6 ft waves with a period of 5.4 s from the east-southeast. The water is 86.0 °F.
When is the best time to visit Playa Esperanza?
The best time to visit Playa Esperanza is from January to April: highs of 83 °F to 86 °F, about 9 rainy days a month and 8 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: NOAA station Isabel Segunda (public domain), via Slackwater database. Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).