Cape Roca tides today
- Tide now 2.6 ft ↓ falling · low 10:15 am (1.7 ft)
- Best time to fish 3:30–5:30 pm good day · 8/10
- Beach tomorrow 10:00 am–3:00 pm Poor beach day · 4/10
- Waves · water 7.2 ft · 62 °F moderate · 10.9 s from the northwest
- Wind · air 3 mph · 65 °F from the ESE, gusts 11 · clear sky
- Surf today 4.4–6.7 ft Good day · 7/10 · 11:00 am–3:00 pm
- Sun 7:02 am–5:41 pm 10 h 40 min of daylight
- Moon 85% · 8:10 pm waning gibbous · rises at 8:10 pm
Today in Cape Roca there are high tides at 4:04 am (10.7 ft) and 4:32 pm (10.0 ft) and low tides at 10:15 am and 10:31 pm. Tide coefficient 93. Right now the tide is falling toward the low tide at 10:15 am. The sun rises at 7:02 am and sets at 5:41 pm: 10 h 40 min of daylight. The moon is 85% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 8:10 pm. Major solunar periods run from 2:05 am to 4:05 am and from 2:37 pm to 4:37 pm. The next spring tides arrive from November 9 to 11. The sea is moderate, with 7.2 ft waves. There's a light air from the east-southeast (3 mph). Clear sky, 65 °F.
Fishing in Cape Roca today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: medium- High tide at 4:32 pm, coefficient 87
- Major period 2:37–4:37 pm
- Sunset at 5:41 pm, golden hour from 5:04 pm
- Falling pressure (−0.10 inHg in 24 h), almost no wind and 5.3 ft waves
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 93 (spring tides)
Your day at a glance
The best window, 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm, combines the 4:32 pm high tide, a major period, sunset and falling pressure. Also good from 10:30 am to 11:20 am, with the 10:15 am low tide, moonset and falling pressure.
Species with the most records nearby: European hake, Atlantic horse mackerel, small-spotted catshark and European conger. October is one of the months when these are seen most: small-spotted catshark and thornback ray. What you can catch
Beach day in Cape Roca
Is it a beach day?
- Sunny
- Feels like 76 °F: pleasant
- Offshore breeze (4 mph)
- UV 4 (moderate): SPF 30 sunscreen
- Low tide at 10:15 am: more sand
- Dangerous for swimming: 7.5 ft waves every 11 s; high rip current risk
Dangerous surf during beach hours. Stay out if the red flag is up, and never swim where there is no lifeguard.
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Dangerous · 7.5 ft
7.5 ft waves every 11 s: dangerous for swimming. Stay out if the red flag is up. High rip current risk. If you're caught in a rip current, don't swim against it: swim parallel to shore and wave for help. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 62 °F
Cold: ease in slowly.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 4 · SPF 30
Max UV 4 (moderate): SPF 30 sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours.
- Wind 4 mph
Offshore breeze (4 mph).
- Tide & sand 10:15 am
Low tide at 10:15 am and 10:31 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 4:04 am and 4:32 pm.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Cape Roca
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Aroeira Beach 0.3 mi · N
- Parking
- Praia do Louriçal 0.3 mi · S
- Assentiz Beach 0.5 mi · SE
- Ursa Beach 0.7 mi · N
- Nudity allowed
- Caneiro Beach 1.0 mi · N
- Praia do Cavalo 1.5 mi · N
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Praia da Adraga 1.7 mi · NE
- Restrooms
- Parking
Excellent water quality 2025 season, EEA
- Praia Grande do Rodízio 2.4 mi · NE
- Restrooms
- Parking
Excellent water quality 2025 season, EEA
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Bathing water quality: European Environment Agency (EEA), with data from the Portuguese Environment Agency (APA).
Webcams near Cape Roca
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Cape Roca
Today's high and low tides
- ▲ High tide 4:04 am 10.7 ft · coef. 93
- ▼ Next low tide 10:15 am 1.7 ft
- ▲ High tide 4:32 pm 10.0 ft · coef. 87
- ▼ Low tide 10:31 pm 2.3 ft
↓ Falling The tide is falling. 1 h 16 min to low tide at 10:15 am.
Tide coefficient 93 for the 4:04 am high tide and 87 for the 4:32 pm high tide. Spring tides. The water rises and falls 9.0 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on August 13 (11.3 ft) and the lowest, on August 13 (0.6 ft).
Semidiurnal: two high and two low tides a day, of similar height.
Heights above chart datum: the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the zero of nautical charts in Europe. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. chart datum (LAT)
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 26 to 28 (coefficient 101, 9.6 ft range). The smallest, from October 18 to 19 (coefficient 29, 3.2 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Thu 29 | 7:02 am · 5:41 pm | High tide 4:04 am · 10.7 ft | Low tide 10:15 am · 1.7 ft | High tide 4:32 pm · 10.0 ft | Low tide 10:31 pm · 2.3 ft | Coef. 93 | 85% | Major periods 2:05 am · 2:37 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 7:03 am · 5:40 pm | High tide 4:53 am · 10.2 ft | Low tide 11:08 am · 2.2 ft | High tide 5:27 pm · 9.3 ft | Low tide 11:23 pm · 3.0 ft | Coef. 81 | 76% | Major periods 3:10 am · 3:41 pm | Medium |
| Sat 31 | 7:04 am · 5:39 pm | High tide 5:50 am · 9.7 ft | Low tide 12:11 pm · 2.9 ft | High tide 6:32 pm · 8.6 ft | — | Coef. 67 | 65% | Major periods 4:12 am · 4:42 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 7:05 am · 5:38 pm | Low tide 12:27 am · 3.7 ft | High tide 6:58 am · 9.2 ft | Low tide 1:30 pm · 3.3 ft | High tide 7:52 pm · 8.1 ft | Coef. 55 | Last quarter | Major periods 5:11 am · 5:39 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 7:06 am · 5:37 pm | Low tide 1:49 am · 4.1 ft | High tide 8:19 am · 8.9 ft | Low tide 3:02 pm · 3.4 ft | High tide 9:19 pm · 8.1 ft | Coef. 50 | 43% | Major periods 6:05 am · 6:30 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 7:07 am · 5:36 pm | Low tide 3:21 am · 4.0 ft | High tide 9:42 am · 8.9 ft | Low tide 4:20 pm · 3.2 ft | High tide 10:32 pm · 8.4 ft | Coef. 56 | 32% | Major periods 6:54 am · 7:18 pm | Medium |
| Wed 4 | 7:08 am · 5:34 pm | Low tide 4:34 am · 3.7 ft | High tide 10:50 am · 9.2 ft | Low tide 5:18 pm · 2.8 ft | High tide 11:28 pm · 8.9 ft | Coef. 65 | 23% | Major periods 7:41 am · 8:03 pm | Low |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above chart datum (LAT). Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Cape Roca has no station of its own, so we use the tide at Cascais (TICON-4), 7.5 mi away. On the open coast the difference is usually a few minutes and inches; inside estuaries, rivers and enclosed bays it can be much larger.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database). Source: Hart-Davis, M., Dettmering, D., Seitz, F. (2025), TICON-4: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA-4 sea-level records, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/109129. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified: see https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database#modifications-to-source-data
The sea at Cape Roca
Sea stateSea state: moderate
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common3.6 ft
- Significant7.2 ft
- Highest expectedHighest14 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 14 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 14 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Offshore wind. The coast faces west and the wind blows from land out to sea: calm shore and clean waves, but watch the drift out to sea.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves ease over the next few days. The biggest waves arrive on Thursday 29: 8.9 ft with a period of 12 s, from the northwest (rough).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water is steady these days, with no sudden changes.
Water colder than normal for late October (−1.5 °F).
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 8:53 am (local time).
Surf in Cape Roca today
Surf today
Good- 4.4–6.7 ft surf at the shore, a good size with some punch
- 6.3 ft swell at 9 s from the northwest, a bit short
- Almost no wind (1 mph): glassy water
- Rising tide (high tide at 4:32 pm)
- Light: First light 6:34 am · sunrise 7:02 am · sunset 5:41 pm · last light 6:09 pm
- Tide: high 4:04 am (10.7 ft), low 10:15 am (1.7 ft), high 4:32 pm (10.0 ft) and low 10:31 pm (2.3 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 61.5 °F: a 4/3 fullsuit.
- Energy: 573 kJ · High power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 11:00 am to 3:00 pm, has a good size and glassy water.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Cape Roca today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: poor- Slack water around high tide (4:32 pm): little current from 4:10 pm to 4:50 pm
- 4.9 ft swell at 9 s from the northwest: strong surge on the bottom
- Almost no wind
- 0.4 mph current toward the south, weak (model)
- Daylight
- Slack water today: high tide 4:04 am (3:40–4:20 am), low tide 10:15 am (9:50–10:40 am), high tide 4:32 pm (4:10–4:50 pm) and low tide 10:31 pm (10:10–11:00 pm)
- Likely visibility: poor. Swell (up to 11 ft at 11 s) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 61.5 °F: a 7 mm wetsuit, with hood and booties.
- Snorkeling: better not, with these waves, wind or current.
- Night dive: dark from 6:09 pm. Waning gibbous (85%), rising at 8:10 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm, combines slack water at high tide, light wind and weak current, though with some swell. Also worth a look from 9:50 am to 10:40 am, with slack water at low tide, light wind, weak current and the sun high, though with a big swell.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Primo Baltazar 0.4 mi
- Sea Coral 4.6 mi
- Acor 5.7 mi
- Hildebrand 6.0 mi
- Wreck 9.6 mi
- Área Marinha Protegida das Avencas 9.8 mi
- Cascais Dive 7.9 mi
- Haliotis Oeiras 12 mi
- Native Divers 12 mi
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Wreck and reef positions are approximate and not for navigation; a wreck’s depth runs from the top of the hull to the seabed.
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Wrecks: EMODnet Human Activities (AND-International), from UK Hydrographic Office data, CC BY 4.0. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Weather in Cape Roca
Now in Cape Roca
- Low / high
- 55 / 76 °F
- Rain
- 0.00 in · 0%
- Clouds
- 0%
- Humidity
- 76%
- Dew pointDew point
- 57 °F
- Visibility
- 21 mi
- UV indexUV
- 1 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 28
- Saharan dust
- No
- Pollen
- None
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady · now Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Steady now (+0.02 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: −0.06 inHg. Steady pressure: anglers expect normal activity. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear sky | Clear sky | Clear sky | Clear | Mainly clear |
| Temperature | 58° | 56° | 56° | 65° | 75° | 75° | 66° | 63° |
| Wind (mph) | 4 NE | 4 ENE | 5 ESE | 3 ESE | 1 E | 3 W | 2 NE | 3 ENE |
| Gusts | 14 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 6 |
| Waves | 8.9 ft | 8.6 ft | 8.0 ft | 7.2 ft | 6.4 ft | 5.6 ft | 5.2 ft | 4.9 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 9:00 am 65° 3 ESE 7.2 ft
- 12:00 pm 75° 1 E 6.4 ft
- 3:00 pm 75° 3 W 5.6 ft
- 6:00 pm 66° 2 NE 5.2 ft
- 9:00 pm 63° 3 ENE 4.9 ft
- 12:00 am 62° 4 E 4.7 ft
- 3:00 am 62° 4 ESE 4.5 ft
- 6:00 am 60° 5 ESE 4.3 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 29 | 55 / 76 °F | 5 mph ENE | 8.9 ft | 4:04 am · 4:32 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 59 / 78 °F | 6 mph ENE | 5.1 ft | 4:53 am · 5:27 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 59 / 75 °F | 5 mph NE | 6.4 ft | 5:50 am · 6:32 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 58 / 75 °F | 5 mph ESE | 6.4 ft | 6:58 am · 7:52 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 59 / 73 °F | 6 mph NNE | 5.1 ft | 8:19 am · 9:19 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 58 / 74 °F | 9 mph NNW | 3.8 ft | 9:42 am · 10:32 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 52 / 67 °F | 7 mph NW | 4.8 ft | 10:50 am · 11:28 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 54 / 66 °F | 7 mph N | 4.8 ft | 11:45 am | |
| Fri 6 | 52 / 67 °F | 6 mph NW | 5.6 ft | 12:13 am · 12:30 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 52 / 62 °F | 2 mph NE | — | 12:53 am · 1:11 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 51 / 64 °F | 6 mph E | — | 1:29 am · 1:48 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 57 / 69 °F | 6 mph ESE | — | 2:04 am · 2:23 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 59 / 71 °F | 6 mph SE | — | 2:38 am · 2:57 pm | |
| Wed 11 | 62 / 69 °F | 11 mph S | — | 3:11 am · 3:31 pm |
- Fri 30 Overcast 59° / 78° 5.1 ft
- Sat 31 Mainly clear 59° / 75° 6.4 ft
- Sun 1 Partly cloudy 58° / 75° 6.4 ft
- Mon 2 Partly cloudy 59° / 73° 5.1 ft
- Tue 3 Overcast 58° / 74° 3.8 ft
- Wed 4 Mainly clear 52° / 67° 4.8 ft
- Thu 5 Overcast 54° / 66° 4.8 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models Partly agree · medium confidence: unsure about temperature today. See the models →
- Outlook Next few weeks, compared with normal: a bit warmer, normal rain and a slightly warmer sea. See the outlook →
- Normal Today, warmer than normal for late October (+9.8 °F; normal high: 66 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 8:53 am (local time).
The sun in Cape Roca
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 6:03 am
- Full dark 6:40 pm
- Civil dawn 6:34 am
- Civil dusk 6:09 pm
- Solar noon 12:22 pm (38° high)
- Daylight 10 h 40 min (−2 min)
- Evening golden hour 5:04 pm
- Full dark 6:40 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,334,912 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Cape Roca
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,641 mi away and looks 32′ 45″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: medium- 2:05–4:05 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 2:37–4:37 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 10:34–11:34 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 7:40–8:40 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 8:29 pmNov 1 in 3 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 7:03 amNov 9 in 11 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 11:48 amNov 17 in 19 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 2:54 pmNov 24 in 26 days
Next perigee (the moon at its closest to Earth): November 25, 223,281 mi away.
Where to fish in Cape Roca
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Pontão da Praia das Moitas 7.3 mi
- Jetty 7.3 mi
- Jetty 7.6 mi
- Pontão do Tamariz 7.7 mi
- Boat ramp 7.4 mi
- Boat ramp 7.6 mi
- Marina de Cascais 7.5 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Deepens quicklyThe bottom deepens quickly: 33 ft of water 800 ft from shore. It reaches 164 ft at 1.7 mi.
From the shoreline (800 ft from Cape Roca) out to sea, heading west.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep480 ft
- 33 ft deep800 ft
- 66 ft deep0.4 mi
- 164 ft deep1.7 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Deep water close in: about 8.9 ft just 330 ft out. Good for casting from rocks, jetties or the beach itself; current and surf hit harder here.
- Swimming. The water gets deeper little by little, but a few dozen yards out you can no longer stand.
- Diving. Shore diving works here: 33 ft at 800 ft and 66 ft at 0.4 mi from shore.
Source: EMODnet Bathymetry DTM 2024 (CC BY 4.0), cells of about 380 ft; depth at the lowest astronomical tide. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Nearest lighthouse
Cabo da Roca Lighthouse 0.0 mi northwest
- Light
- 4 white flashes every 17 s · Fl(4) W 17s
- Range
- 26 nautical miles (30 mi)
- Light height
- 541 ft above sea level
- Tower height
- 72 ft
- Built
- 1758
Other lighthouses nearby: Cabo Raso Lighthouse (5.0 mi south).
Light details: NGA List of Lights (USA); the rest from Wikidata. For reference only: not for navigation. Wikipedia · Wikidata · Sources and licenses
Tides near Cape RocaTides nearby
- Azoia1.2 mi
- Ulgueira1.2 mi
- Azenhas do Mar4.6 mi
- Fontanelas5.5 mi
- Alcabideche5.8 mi
- Cobre5.8 mi
- Alvide6.1 mi
- Cascais7.1 mi
- Monte Estoril7.1 mi
- Estoril7.5 mi
Cape Roca at a glance
- Town or city of about 23 people. Coordinates: 38.782° N, 9.497° W.
- It is 19 mi west of Lisbon, the main place in Lisbon. The sun rises 1 min later and sets 1 min later than in Lisbon.
- The nearest tide station, Cascais, is 7.5 mi to the southeast.
- Its coast faces west.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Praia da Aroeira (0.3 mi), Praia de Assentiz (0.4 mi), Ursas (0.7 mi), Praia do Caneiro (1.0 mi).
Questions about Cape RocaQuestions
What time is high tide today in Cape Roca?
Today in Cape Roca there are high tides at 4:04 am (10.7 ft) and 4:32 pm (10.0 ft) and low tides at 10:15 am and 10:31 pm. Tide coefficient 93.
What time is sunset today in Cape Roca?
At 5:41 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 6:09 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Cape Roca?
At 7:03 am. First light comes at 6:04 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 85% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 7:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From November 9 to 11.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 2:05–4:05 am, Minor 10:34–11:34 am, Major 2:37–4:37 pm, Minor 7:40–8:40 pm. Today's activity is medium.
What's the weather like today in Cape Roca?
Partly cloudy, from 55 °F to 76 °F, with a light air from the east-southeast (3 mph) and a 0% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Cape Roca?
Moderate (Douglas 4): 7.2 ft waves with a period of 10.9 s from the northwest. The water is 61.9 °F.
When is the best time to visit Cape Roca?
The best time to visit Cape Roca is from June to August: highs of 71 °F to 74 °F, barely 1 rainy day a month and 10 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Cascais station, with constants from TICON-4 (Hart-Davis, Dettmering and Seitz, 2025, SEANOE), licensed CC BY 4.0, via Slackwater database (changes). Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).