Katwijk tides today
- Tide now 2.7 ft ↓ falling · low 1:01 am (1.9 ft)
- Best time tomorrow 4:20–5:50 pm average day · 6/10
- Beach day Not today Not a beach day · 0/10
- Waves · water 3.3 ft · 56 °F slight · 4.6 s from the west
- Wind · air 5 mph · 54 °F from the SSW, gusts 11 · partly cloudy
- Sun 7:30 am–5:21 pm 9 h 51 min of daylight
- Moon 93% · 6:03 pm waning gibbous · rises at 6:03 pm
- Diving tomorrow 12:30–2:00 pm great day · 9/10
Today in Katwijk there are high tides at 4:20 am (8.2 ft) and 4:39 pm (8.2 ft) and low tides at 12:11 am and 12:38 pm. Tide coefficient 75. Right now the tide is falling toward the low tide at 1:01 am. The sun rises at 7:30 am and sets at 5:21 pm: 9 h 51 min of daylight. The moon is 93% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 6:03 pm. Major solunar periods run from 1:03 am to 3:03 am and from 1:35 pm to 3:35 pm. The next spring tides arrive from October 26 to 28. The sea is slight, with 3.3 ft waves. There's a light breeze from the south-southwest (5 mph). Partly cloudy, 54 °F.
Fishing in Katwijk today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: high- High tide at 4:39 pm, coefficient 74
- Minor period 5:33–6:33 pm (moonrise)
- Sunset at 5:21 pm, golden hour from 4:32 pm
- Rising pressure (+0.37 inHg in 24 h), light cross-shore wind (9 mph) and some swell (4.1 ft waves) to stir the water
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 75 (average tides)
- A minor period lines up with sunset
Your day at a glance
The best window, 4:30 pm to 5:40 pm, combines the 4:39 pm high tide, moonrise, sunset and some swell, though with rising pressure. Also worth a try from 11:40 am to 2:40 pm, with the 12:38 pm low tide, a major period, a light onshore breeze and some swell, though with rising pressure. Also worth a try from 12:00 am to 1:10 am, with the 12:11 am low tide, a major period, a light onshore breeze and some swell, though with rising pressure.
Species with the most records nearby: European plaice, whiting, common sole and European flounder. October is one of the months when these are seen most: whiting and common sole. What you can catch
Beach day in Katwijk
Is it a beach day?
- Onshore breeze (11 mph)
- Low tide at 12:38 pm: more sand
- Cloudy (84% cloud cover)
- Feels like 53 °F: chilly for the beach
- Swim with care: 4.1 ft waves every 5 s
- Water at 56 °F (very cold)
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Use care · 4.1 ft
4.1 ft waves every 5 s: swim with care and stay where you can stand. Low rip current risk. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 56 °F
Very cold: ease in and keep swims short.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 1 · SPF 15
Max UV 1 (low): SPF 15 sunscreen.
- Wind 11 mph
Onshore breeze (11 mph).
- Tide & sand 12:11 am
Low tide at 12:11 am and 12:38 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 4:20 am and 4:39 pm.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Katwijk
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Naaktstrand Noordwijk 4.9 mi · N
- Clothing-optional area
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Bathing water quality: European Environment Agency (EEA), with data from the authorities of the Netherlands.
Webcams near Katwijk
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Katwijk
Today's high and low tides
- ▼ Low tide 12:11 am 1.9 ft
- ▲ High tide 4:20 am 8.2 ft · coef. 75
- ▼ Low tide 12:38 pm 2.4 ft
- ▲ High tide 4:39 pm 8.2 ft · coef. 74
↓ Falling The tide is falling. 2 h 6 min to low tide at 1:01 am.
Tide coefficient 75 for the 4:20 am high tide and 74 for the 4:39 pm high tide. Average coefficient. The water rises and falls 6.4 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on December 27 (8.7 ft) and the lowest, on April 1 (0.2 ft).
Semidiurnal: two high and two low tides a day, of similar height.
Heights above chart datum: the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the zero of nautical charts in Europe. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. chart datum (LAT)
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 9 to 11 (coefficient 81, 7.0 ft range). The smallest, from October 20 to 21 (coefficient 51, 4.1 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Wed 28 | 7:30 am · 5:21 pm | Low tide 12:11 am · 1.9 ft | High tide 4:20 am · 8.2 ft | Low tide 12:38 pm · 2.4 ft | High tide 4:39 pm · 8.2 ft | Coef. 75 | 93% | Major periods 1:03 am · 1:35 pm | High |
| Thu 29 | 7:32 am · 5:19 pm | Low tide 1:01 am · 1.9 ft | High tide 5:03 am · 8.0 ft | Low tide 1:22 pm · 2.4 ft | High tide 5:22 pm · 8.4 ft | Coef. 73 | 85% | Major periods 2:07 am · 2:39 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 7:34 am · 5:17 pm | Low tide 1:47 am · 2.0 ft | High tide 5:47 am · 7.8 ft | Low tide 2:03 pm · 2.4 ft | High tide 6:08 pm · 8.5 ft | Coef. 72 | 76% | Major periods 3:11 am · 3:43 pm | Medium |
| Sat 31 | 7:36 am · 5:15 pm | Low tide 2:31 am · 2.1 ft | High tide 6:34 am · 7.4 ft | Low tide 11:07 am · 2.2 ft | High tide 6:57 pm · 8.3 ft | Coef. 70 | 66% | Major periods 4:14 am · 4:44 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 7:38 am · 5:13 pm | Low tide 3:15 am · 2.2 ft | High tide 7:24 am · 6.8 ft | Low tide 12:03 pm · 2.1 ft | High tide 7:51 pm · 7.9 ft | Coef. 66 | Last quarter | Major periods 5:13 am · 5:41 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 7:39 am · 5:12 pm | Low tide 4:03 am · 2.3 ft | High tide 8:23 am · 6.3 ft | Low tide 4:20 pm · 2.1 ft | High tide 8:56 pm · 7.4 ft | Coef. 61 | 43% | Major periods 6:07 am · 6:33 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 7:41 am · 5:10 pm | Low tide 4:58 am · 2.5 ft | High tide 9:36 am · 5.8 ft | Low tide 5:20 pm · 1.9 ft | High tide 10:19 pm · 7.1 ft | Coef. 57 | 33% | Major periods 6:57 am · 7:20 pm | Medium |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above chart datum (LAT). Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Katwijk has no station of its own, so we use the tide at Scheveningen (TICON-4), 9.4 mi away. On the open coast the difference is usually a few minutes and inches; inside estuaries, rivers and enclosed bays it can be much larger.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database). Source: Hart-Davis, M., Dettmering, D., Seitz, F. (2025), TICON-4: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA-4 sea-level records, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/109129. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified: see https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database#modifications-to-source-data
The sea at Katwijk
Sea stateSea state: slight
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common1.6 ft
- Significant3.3 ft
- Highest expectedHighest6.9 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 6.9 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 6.9 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-shore wind. The coast faces northwest and the wind blows along the shore: drift and current run parallel to the beach.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves build over the next few days. The biggest waves arrive on Monday 2: 6.0 ft with a period of 6 s, from the north (moderate).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water is steady these days, with no sudden changes.
Water about normal for late October.
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 10:55 pm (local time).
Nearest buoy
This is a real measurement of the sea, not a forecast. Data from Rijkswaterstaat Water, Traffic and Environment, via the E.U. Copernicus Marine Service. Generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (doi:10.48670/moi-00036).
Surf in Katwijk today
Surf today
Poor- 2.5–3.9 ft surf at the shore, a fun size for most surfers
- 4.1 ft swell at 5 s from the west, short: weak, messy waves
- Light cross-shore wind (9 mph): a bit of chop
- First or last light of the day
- Falling tide (low tide at 1:01 am)
- Light: First light 6:55 am · sunrise 7:30 am · sunset 5:21 pm · last light 5:56 pm
- Tide: low 12:11 am (1.9 ft), high 4:20 am (8.2 ft), low 12:38 pm (2.4 ft) and high 4:39 pm (8.2 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 55.9 °F: a 5/4 fullsuit with booties (and a hood if it’s windy).
- Energy: 88 kJ · Low power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 5:00 pm to 5:56 pm, has a good size, though with a short-period swell. 7:00 am to 11:00 am can also work, with a good size, though with a short-period swell.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Katwijk today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: fair- Slack water around low tide (12:38 pm): little current from 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm
- 3.9 ft surface waves
- Light onshore wind (11 mph)
- 0.3 mph current toward the southwest, weak (model)
- Sun high: more light underwater
- Slack water today: low tide 12:11 am (11:30 pm–12:30 am), high tide 4:20 am (4:05–4:35 am), low tide 12:38 pm (12:00–1:00 pm) and high tide 4:39 pm (4:24–4:54 pm)
- Likely visibility: fair. Swell (up to 5.6 ft) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 55.9 °F: a 7 mm semi-dry suit, with hood, gloves and booties.
- Snorkeling: better not, with these waves, wind or current.
- Night dive: dark from 5:56 pm. Waning gibbous (93%), rising at 6:03 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 12:00 pm to 1:20 pm, combines slack water at low tide, light wind, weak current and the sun high.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Toolenburgerplas 12 mi
- Alida (Sch 31) 4.1 mi
- Delft (ijm 17) 4.9 mi
- Noordwiik 8.1 mi
- Strandreservaat Noordvoort 9.7 mi
- Schaart Diving 0.3 mi
- Diveoutlet 1.1 mi
- Easy2dive 3.1 mi
- X Ccr 3.7 mi
- Cosmos Mariner Diving 4.3 mi
- "d." Commercial Diving 4.3 mi
- Dive Inc 4.9 mi
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Wreck and reef positions are approximate and not for navigation; a wreck’s depth runs from the top of the hull to the seabed.
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Wrecks: EMODnet Human Activities (AND-International), from UK Hydrographic Office data, CC BY 4.0. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Weather in Katwijk
Now in Katwijk
- Low / high
- 51 / 58 °F
- Rain
- 0.00 in · 37%
- Clouds
- 79%
- Humidity
- 91%
- Dew pointDew point
- 51 °F
- Visibility
- 12 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 30
- Saharan dust
- No
- Pollen
- None
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady · now Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Steady now (+0.01 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: +0.16 inHg. Steady pressure: anglers expect normal activity. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Partly cloudy | Partly cloudy | Partly cloudy | Partly cloudy | Overcast | Partly cloudy | Overcast | Overcast |
| Temperature | 55° | 53° | 52° | 53° | 57° | 58° | 56° | 55° |
| Wind (mph) | 7 W | 5 WSW | 5 WSW | 7 SW | 11 WSW | 10 WSW | 8 SW | 5 SSW |
| Gusts | 16 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 13 |
| Waves | 3.7 ft | 3.7 ft | 3.6 ft | 3.5 ft | 3.8 ft | 4.1 ft | 4.0 ft | 3.6 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 12:00 am 54° 4 SW 3.1 ft
- 3:00 am 53° 4 SSW 2.7 ft
- 6:00 am 51° 4 SSW 2.4 ft
- 9:00 am 52° 4 SSW 2.0 ft
- 12:00 pm 58° 5 WSW 1.7 ft
- 3:00 pm 58° 4 W 1.4 ft
- 6:00 pm 55° 1 NNW 1.3 ft
- 9:00 pm 52° 2 E 1.2 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 28 | 51 / 58 °F | 11 mph WSW | 4.1 ft | 4:20 am · 4:39 pm | |
| Thu 29 | 51 / 59 °F | 5 mph SW | 3.1 ft | 5:03 am · 5:22 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 46 / 56 °F | 5 mph E | 1.1 ft | 5:47 am · 6:08 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 48 / 54 °F | 5 mph ENE | 1.1 ft | 6:34 am · 6:57 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 48 / 55 °F | 5 mph N | 3.0 ft | 7:24 am · 7:51 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 51 / 55 °F | 12 mph NNE | 6.0 ft | 8:23 am · 8:56 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 50 / 54 °F | 9 mph NE | 5.4 ft | 9:36 am · 10:19 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 42 / 51 °F | 4 mph ESE | 3.3 ft | 11:06 am | |
| Thu 5 | 37 / 48 °F | 6 mph E | 1.8 ft | 12:03 am · 12:22 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 41 / 51 °F | 6 mph E | 1.4 ft | 1:10 am · 1:21 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 37 / 46 °F | 6 mph ESE | 1.3 ft | 1:59 am · 2:09 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 39 / 51 °F | 6 mph SSE | 1.3 ft | 2:38 am · 2:51 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 47 / 55 °F | 8 mph SSE | 1.5 ft | 3:10 am · 3:26 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 51 / 57 °F | 13 mph S | 4.2 ft | 3:39 am · 3:58 pm |
- Thu 29 Fog 51° / 59° 3.1 ft
- Fri 30 Fog 46° / 56° 1.1 ft
- Sat 31 Overcast 48° / 54° 1.1 ft
- Sun 1 Light rain 48° / 55° 3.0 ft
- Mon 2 Fog 51° / 55° 6.0 ft
- Tue 3 Light drizzle 50° / 54° 5.4 ft
- Wed 4 Overcast 42° / 51° 3.3 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- Normal Today, warmer than normal for late October (+2.5 °F; normal high: 55 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 10:55 pm (local time).
The sun in Katwijk
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 6:15 am
- Full dark 6:36 pm
- Civil dawn 6:55 am
- Civil dusk 5:56 pm
- Solar noon 12:26 pm (25° high)
- Daylight 9 h 51 min (−4 min)
- Evening golden hour 4:32 pm
- Full dark 6:36 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,360,162 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Katwijk
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,461 mi away and looks 32′ 47″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: high- 1:03–3:03 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 1:35–3:35 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 10:31–11:31 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 5:33–6:33 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 9:29 pmNov 1 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 8:03 amNov 9 in 12 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 12:48 pmNov 17 in 20 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 3:54 pmNov 24 in 27 days
Perigee on October 28, 226,426 mi away, coinciding with the spring tides from October 26 to 28: they will be stronger than usual.
Where to fish in Katwijk
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Fishing pier 5.2 mi
- Haringkade 0.9 mi
- Waterpendel Katwijk-Leiden 1.2 mi
- Hemmeerpolder 4.4 mi
- Boat ramp 1.4 mi
- Boat ramp 2.7 mi
- Boat ramp 2.8 mi
- Jachthaven Rijnsburg 0.7 mi
- Jachthaven Katwijk 0.8 mi
- Hengelsport Katwijk 0.6 mi
- Hengelsport Ons Stekkie 1.2 mi
- Fuel dock 4.8 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Shallow, gradualShallow, gradual bottom: you need to go 1 mi out for 33 ft of water.
From the shoreline (1.6 mi from Katwijk) out to sea, heading northwest.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep0.4 mi
- 33 ft deep1 mi
- 66 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Shallow, gradual bottom (16 ft at 0.4 mi): cast far from the beach and fish the high tide, when there is more water close in.
- Swimming. The water gets deeper little by little, but a few dozen yards out you can no longer stand.
- Diving. Shallow near shore: you only reach 33 ft at 1 mi. For dives deeper than 33 ft, go by boat.
Source: EMODnet Bathymetry DTM 2024 (CC BY 4.0), cells of about 380 ft; depth at the lowest astronomical tide. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Nearest lighthouse
.jpg)
Vuurbaak Katwijk 1.4 mi west
- Tower height
- 39 ft
- Built
- 1605
Other lighthouses nearby: Noordwijk Lighthouse (3.8 mi north).
Data from Wikidata. For reference only: not for navigation. Wikipedia · Wikidata · Sources and licenses
Tides near KatwijkTides nearby
- Katwijk Aan Zee1.2 mi
- Noordwijk-Binnen2.9 mi
- Wassenaar3.4 mi
- Scheveningse Pier8.0 mi
- Scheveningen8.8 mi
- Statenkwartier9.3 mi
- The Hague9.7 mi
- Duindorp9.9 mi
- Vogelwijk11 mi
- Zandvoort13 mi
Katwijk at a glance
- Town or city of about 5,940 people. Coordinates: 52.194° N, 4.422° E.
- It is 19 mi north of Rotterdam, the main place in South Holland. The sun rises 1 min later and sets at the same time than in Rotterdam.
- The nearest tide station, Scheveningen, is 9.4 mi to the southwest.
- Its coast faces northwest.
Questions about KatwijkQuestions
What time is high tide today in Katwijk?
Today in Katwijk there are high tides at 4:20 am (8.2 ft) and 4:39 pm (8.2 ft) and low tides at 12:11 am and 12:38 pm. Tide coefficient 75.
What time is sunset today in Katwijk?
At 5:21 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 5:56 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Katwijk?
At 7:32 am. First light comes at 6:17 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 93% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 8:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From October 26 to 28, together with the lunar perigee: they will be stronger than usual.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 1:03–3:03 am, Minor 10:31–11:31 am, Major 1:35–3:35 pm, Minor 5:33–6:33 pm. Today's activity is high.
What's the weather like today in Katwijk?
Overcast, from 51 °F to 58 °F, with a light breeze from the south-southwest (5 mph) and a 37% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Katwijk?
Slight (Douglas 3): 3.3 ft waves with a period of 4.6 s from the west. The water is 56.1 °F.
When is the best time to visit Katwijk?
The best time to visit Katwijk is from July to August: highs of 70 °F to 71 °F, about 10 rainy days a month and 7 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Scheveningen station, with constants from TICON-4 (Hart-Davis, Dettmering and Seitz, 2025, SEANOE), licensed CC BY 4.0, via Slackwater database (changes). Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).