Petite Case Noyale tides today
- Tide now 2.2 ft ↓ falling · low 8:31 am (1.2 ft)
- Best time to fish 2:00–3:10 pm good day · 7/10
- Beach day 7:00–11:00 am Perfect beach day · 9/10
- Waves · water 3.7 ft · 78 °F slight · 9.6 s from the south-southeast
- Wind · air 8 mph · 71 °F from the NE, gusts 16 · mainly clear
- Surf today 1.4–2.2 ft Poor day · 3/10 · 12:00–4:00 pm
- Sun 5:30 am–6:19 pm 12 h 48 min of daylight
- Moon 86% · 10:02 pm waning gibbous · rises at 10:02 pm
Today in Petite Case Noyale there are high tides at 2:41 am (2.2 ft) and 2:13 pm (2.4 ft) and low tides at 8:31 am and 9:04 pm. Tide coefficient 89. Right now the tide is falling toward the low tide at 8:31 am. The sun rises at 5:30 am and sets at 6:19 pm: 12 h 48 min of daylight. The moon is 86% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 10:02 pm. Major solunar periods run from 1:25 am to 3:25 am and from 1:58 pm to 3:58 pm. The next spring tides arrive from November 9 to 11. The sea is slight, with 3.7 ft waves. There's a gentle breeze from the northeast (8 mph). Mainly clear, 71 °F.
Fishing in Petite Case Noyale today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: medium- High tide at 2:13 pm, coefficient 82
- Major period 1:58–3:58 pm
- Steady pressure (29.94 inHg), almost no wind and some swell (3.7 ft waves) to stir the water
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 89 (average tides)
Your day at a glance
The best window, 2:00 pm to 3:10 pm, combines the 2:13 pm high tide, a major period and some swell. Also good from 1:40 am to 3:30 am, with the 2:41 am high tide, a major period and some swell. Also good from 7:30 am to 8:20 am, with the 8:31 am low tide, moonset and some swell.
Species with the most records nearby: bluefin trevally, mahi-mahi, great barracuda and Atlantic bluefin tuna. What you can catch
Beach day in Petite Case Noyale
Is it a beach day?
11 good hours- Sunny
- Feels like 89 °F: beach weather
- Calm for swimming: 3.7 ft waves
- Water at 78 °F (warm)
- Low tide at 8:31 am: more sand
- Light offshore wind (9 mph): it blows floats and inflatables out to sea
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Calm · 3.7 ft
3.7 ft waves: calm for swimming. Low rip current risk. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 78 °F
Warm: very pleasant.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 12 · SPF 50
Max UV 12 (extreme): SPF 50 sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours. Seek shade 10:00 am–2:00 pm (very high UV).
- Wind 9 mph
Offshore breeze (9 mph). Watch floats and inflatables: offshore wind carries them out to sea.
- Tide & sand 8:31 am
Low tide at 8:31 am and 9:04 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 2:41 am and 2:13 pm.
The best window, 7:00 am to 11:00 am, brings sunshine, beach weather, a calm sea, water at 78 °F and low tide at 8:31 am, though with light offshore wind and very high UV. 3:00 pm to 6:00 pm can also work, with sunshine, beach weather, little wind, a calm sea and water at 78 °F, though with rain.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Petite Case Noyale
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- La Preneuse Beach 3.5 mi · N
- Parking
- Le Morne 5.2 mi · SW
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Tamarin Beach 5.3 mi · N
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Kitesurf Area Le Morne 5.4 mi · SW
- La Prairie Beach 5.6 mi · S
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Webcams near Petite Case Noyale
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Petite Case Noyale
Today's high and low tides
- ▲ High tide 2:41 am 2.2 ft · coef. 89
- ▼ Next low tide 8:31 am 1.2 ft
- ▲ High tide 2:13 pm 2.4 ft · coef. 82
- ▼ Low tide 9:04 pm 0.5 ft
↓ Falling The tide is falling. 5 h 39 min to low tide at 8:31 am.
Tide coefficient 89 for the 2:41 am high tide and 82 for the 2:13 pm high tide. Average coefficient. The water rises and falls 1.9 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on March 20 (3.0 ft) and the lowest, on July 14 (0.0 ft).
Mixed: two high and two low tides a day, but of quite different heights.
Heights above chart datum: the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the zero of nautical charts in Europe. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. chart datum (LAT)
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 25 to 27 (coefficient 107, 2.3 ft range). The smallest, from October 18 to 19 (coefficient 20, 0.0 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Thu 29 | 5:30 am · 6:19 pm | High tide 2:41 am · 2.2 ft | Low tide 8:31 am · 1.2 ft | High tide 2:13 pm · 2.4 ft | Low tide 9:04 pm · 0.5 ft | Coef. 89 | 86% | Major periods 1:25 am · 1:58 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 5:30 am · 6:19 pm | High tide 3:38 am · 2.0 ft | Low tide 9:26 am · 1.4 ft | High tide 2:53 pm · 2.2 ft | Low tide 10:06 pm · 0.7 ft | Coef. 72 | 77% | Major periods 2:30 am · 3:02 pm | Low |
| Sat 31 | 5:29 am · 6:19 pm | High tide 5:02 am · 1.9 ft | Low tide 10:50 am · 1.6 ft | High tide 3:42 pm · 2.0 ft | Low tide 11:32 pm · 0.9 ft | Coef. 52 | 67% | Major periods 3:34 am · 4:04 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 5:29 am · 6:20 pm | High tide 8:39 am · 1.9 ft | Low tide 1:02 pm · 1.7 ft | High tide 5:10 pm · 1.8 ft | — | Coef. 36 | 56% | Major periods 4:33 am · 5:01 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 5:28 am · 6:20 pm | Low tide 1:25 am · 1.0 ft | High tide 9:38 am · 2.1 ft | Low tide 3:13 pm · 1.5 ft | High tide 8:01 pm · 1.8 ft | Coef. 49 | Last quarter | Major periods 5:28 am · 5:53 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 5:27 am · 6:21 pm | Low tide 3:00 am · 1.0 ft | High tide 10:13 am · 2.2 ft | Low tide 4:09 pm · 1.3 ft | High tide 9:38 pm · 2.0 ft | Coef. 64 | 34% | Major periods 6:18 am · 6:42 pm | Medium |
| Wed 4 | 5:27 am · 6:21 pm | Low tide 3:59 am · 0.9 ft | High tide 10:39 am · 2.3 ft | Low tide 4:46 pm · 1.1 ft | High tide 10:30 pm · 2.1 ft | Coef. 75 | 24% | Major periods 7:05 am · 7:27 pm | Low |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above chart datum (LAT). Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Petite Case Noyale has no station of its own, so we use the tide at Port Louis (TICON-4), 19 mi away. On the open coast the difference is usually a few minutes and inches; inside estuaries, rivers and enclosed bays it can be much larger.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database). Source: Hart-Davis, M., Dettmering, D., Seitz, F. (2025), TICON-4: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA-4 sea-level records, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/109129. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified: see https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database#modifications-to-source-data
The sea at Petite Case Noyale
Sea stateSea state: slight
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common1.8 ft
- Significant3.7 ft
- Highest expectedHighest7.3 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 7.3 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 7.3 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-offshore wind. The coast faces northwest and the wind comes off the land at an angle: calmer water near the shore, and bait and boats drift out to sea.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves build over the next few days. The biggest waves arrive on Sunday 1: 5.1 ft with a period of 10 s, from the south-southeast (moderate).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water warms over the next few days: about 78.9 °F by Wednesday 4.
Water warmer than normal for late October (+1.4 °F).
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 2:52 am (local time).
Surf in Petite Case Noyale today
Surf today
Poor- 1.4–2.2 ft surf at the shore, a fun size for most surfers
- 2.5 ft swell at 9 s from the south, a bit short; it hits this coast at an angle
- 1.8 ft wind swell at 3 s: messy waves
- Light offshore wind (4 mph): it holds up and grooms the waves
- Rising tide (high tide at 2:13 pm)
- Light: First light 5:07 am · sunrise 5:30 am · sunset 6:19 pm · last light 6:41 pm
- Tide: high 2:41 am (2.2 ft), low 8:31 am (1.2 ft), high 2:13 pm (2.4 ft) and low 9:04 pm (0.5 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 77.7 °F: boardshorts or a swimsuit and a rash guard.
- Energy: 99 kJ · Low power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 12:00 pm to 4:00 pm, has light offshore wind, though with wind swell. 5:07 am to 6:00 am also works, with light offshore wind.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Petite Case Noyale today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: fair- Slack water around high tide (2:13 pm): little current from 1:50 pm to 2:30 pm
- 2.4 ft swell at 9 s from the south: some surge on the bottom
- Light offshore wind (4 mph)
- 0.8 mph current toward the southeast (model)
- Sun high: more light underwater
- Slack water today: high tide 2:41 am (2:20–3:00 am), low tide 8:31 am (7:50–9:00 am), high tide 2:13 pm (1:50–2:30 pm) and low tide 9:04 pm (8:40–9:30 pm)
- Likely visibility: fair. Swell (up to 4.4 ft at 9 s) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 77.7 °F: a 3 mm wetsuit.
- Snorkeling: better not, with these waves, wind or current.
- Night dive: dark from 6:41 pm. Waning gibbous (86%), rising at 10:02 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 1:20 pm to 2:50 pm, combines slack water at high tide, light wind and the sun high, though with some swell and current. Also worth a look from 7:10 am to 9:40 am, with slack water at low tide and light wind, though with some swell and current.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Tamarin OceanPro Diving Ltd 5.3 mi
- Easy Dive Mauritius -Le Morne 5.5 mi
- Sundivers Dive Center 6.1 mi
- Nemo Diving Center 6.3 mi
- Sundivers 7.2 mi
- Mauritius Dive Adventures 7.6 mi
- Phillip Appadu Diving Centre 8.7 mi
- JP Appadu diving center 8.7 mi
- Sea Urchin Diving Centre 8.8 mi
- TICABO Diving Centre 8.9 mi
- Exploration Sous-Marine 8.9 mi
- Ocean Divers Mauritius 8.9 mi
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Weather in Petite Case Noyale
Now in Petite Case Noyale
- Low / high
- 71 / 88 °F
- Rain
- 0.02 in · 55%
- Clouds
- 27%
- Humidity
- 93%
- Dew pointDew point
- 69 °F
- Visibility
- 15 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Good · 14
- Saharan dust
- No
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling · now Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Falling now (−0.03 inHg in 3 hours). It barely changes over the next 48 hours. Falling pressure: anglers say fish feed more before the change. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Clear | Mainly clear | Clear sky | Mainly clear | Mainly clear | Light drizzle | Light drizzle | Mainly clear |
| Temperature | 72° | 71° | 74° | 82° | 88° | 85° | 79° | 75° |
| Wind (mph) | 9 ENE | 8 NE | 8 NE | 9 NE | 6 ENE | 3 ESE | 2 SE | 1 ENE |
| Gusts | 16 | 16 | 17 | 21 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 6 |
| Waves | 3.7 ft | 3.7 ft | 3.7 ft | 3.7 ft | 3.8 ft | 3.7 ft | 3.5 ft | 3.3 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 3:00 am 71° 8 NE 3.7 ft
- 6:00 am 74° 8 NE 3.7 ft
- 9:00 am 82° 9 NE 3.7 ft
- 12:00 pm 88° 6 ENE 3.8 ft
- 3:00 pm 85° 3 ESE 3.7 ft
- 6:00 pm 79° 2 SE 3.5 ft
- 9:00 pm 75° 1 ENE 3.3 ft
- 12:00 am 74° 4 NE 3.1 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 29 | 71 / 88 °F | 9 mph ENE | 3.8 ft | 2:41 am · 2:13 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 73 / 90 °F | 10 mph NNE | 3.7 ft | 3:38 am · 2:53 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 75 / 90 °F | 13 mph NE | 4.6 ft | 5:02 am · 3:42 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 73 / 88 °F | 13 mph NE | 5.1 ft | 8:39 am · 5:10 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 71 / 87 °F | 6 mph ESE | 4.7 ft | 9:38 am · 8:01 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 69 / 87 °F | 11 mph E | 4.0 ft | 10:13 am · 9:38 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 70 / 85 °F | 11 mph E | 3.9 ft | 10:39 am · 10:30 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 70 / 85 °F | 13 mph E | 3.6 ft | 11:01 am · 11:09 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 71 / 85 °F | 11 mph E | 3.7 ft | 11:20 am · 11:42 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 69 / 86 °F | 9 mph E | 4.1 ft | 11:39 am | |
| Sun 8 | 71 / 85 °F | 11 mph E | 3.8 ft | 12:12 am · 11:59 am | |
| Mon 9 | 72 / 82 °F | 13 mph ESE | 4.1 ft | 12:41 am · 12:19 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 71 / 78 °F | 19 mph E | 8.9 ft | 1:10 am · 12:40 pm | |
| Wed 11 | 71 / 78 °F | 18 mph E | 8.7 ft | 1:40 am · 1:02 pm |
- Fri 30 Drizzle 73° / 90° 3.7 ft
- Sat 31 Light drizzle 75° / 90° 4.6 ft
- Sun 1 Light drizzle 73° / 88° 5.1 ft
- Mon 2 Light drizzle 71° / 87° 4.7 ft
- Tue 3 Mainly clear 69° / 87° 4.0 ft
- Wed 4 Mainly clear 70° / 85° 3.9 ft
- Thu 5 Partly cloudy 70° / 85° 3.6 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models They don't agree · low confidence: unsure about temperature on Sunday 1. See the models →
- Outlook Next few weeks, compared with normal: a bit warmer and normal rain. See the outlook →
- Normal Today, warmer than normal for late October (+7.5 °F; normal high: 80 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 2:52 am (local time).
The sun in Petite Case Noyale
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 4:40 am
- Full dark 7:08 pm
- Civil dawn 5:07 am
- Civil dusk 6:41 pm
- Solar noon 11:54 am (83° high)
- Daylight 12 h 48 min (+1 min)
- Evening golden hour 5:48 pm
- Full dark 7:08 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,339,405 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Petite Case Noyale
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,557 mi away and looks 32′ 46″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: medium- 1:25–3:25 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 1:58–3:58 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 7:24–8:24 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 9:32–10:32 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Mon, Nov 2 · 12:29 amNov 2 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 11:03 amNov 9 in 11 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 3:48 pmNov 17 in 19 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 6:54 pmNov 24 in 26 days
Next perigee (the moon at its closest to Earth): November 26, 223,281 mi away.
Where to fish in Petite Case Noyale
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Jetty 2.6 mi
- Jetty 1.1 mi
- Le Morne Anglers' Club 2.8 mi
- Boat ramp 1.8 mi
- Boat ramp 2.8 mi
- Le Morne_2 Embarkation Point 5.5 mi
- Fishing Guru 3.5 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Gentle slopeThe bottom slopes gently: 16 ft deep 0.55 mi from shore and 33 ft at 0.6 mi.
From the shoreline (800 ft from Petite Case Noyale) out to sea, heading northwest.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep0.55 mi
- 33 ft deep0.6 mi
- 66 ft deep0.75 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Shallow, gradual bottom (16 ft at 0.55 mi): cast far from the beach and fish the high tide, when there is more water close in.
- Swimming. A very gentle way in with plenty of shallow water, good for kids. At low tide the water can be far out.
- Diving. Shallow near shore: you only reach 33 ft at 0.6 mi. For dives deeper than 33 ft, go by boat.
Rough estimate: here the data comes in cells of about 0.3 mi and misses details near shore (rocks, sandbars, small coves). The profile is turned slightly from the coast so it does not run into an island or a headland.
Source: NOAA ETOPO 2022 (CC0), cells of about 0.3 mi; depth below mean sea level. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Tides near Petite Case NoyaleTides nearby
- Grande Rivière Noire3.0 mi
- Tamarin5.4 mi
- Bel Ombre7.2 mi
- Flic en Flac8.7 mi
- Chamouny8.8 mi
- Chemin Grenier8.8 mi
- Bambous10 mi
- Surinam11 mi
- Souillac12 mi
- Saint Aubin13 mi
Petite Case Noyale at a glance
- Town or city of about 1,525 people. Coordinates: 20.404° S, 57.371° E.
- It is 10 mi south of Bambous, the main place in Black River. The sun rises at the same time and sets at the same time than in Bambous.
- The nearest tide station, Port Louis, is 19 mi to the northeast.
- Its coast faces northwest.
Questions about Petite Case NoyaleQuestions
What time is high tide today in Petite Case Noyale?
Today in Petite Case Noyale there are high tides at 2:41 am (2.2 ft) and 2:13 pm (2.4 ft) and low tides at 8:31 am and 9:04 pm. Tide coefficient 89.
What time is sunset today in Petite Case Noyale?
At 6:19 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 6:41 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Petite Case Noyale?
At 5:30 am. First light comes at 4:40 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 86% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 11:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From November 9 to 11.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 1:25–3:25 am, Minor 7:24–8:24 am, Major 1:58–3:58 pm, Minor 9:32–10:32 pm. Today's activity is medium.
What's the weather like today in Petite Case Noyale?
Light drizzle, from 71 °F to 88 °F, with a gentle breeze from the northeast (8 mph) and a 55% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Petite Case Noyale?
Slight (Douglas 3): 3.7 ft waves with a period of 9.6 s from the south-southeast. The water is 77.7 °F.
When is the best time to visit Petite Case Noyale?
The best time to visit Petite Case Noyale is from June to November: highs of 76 °F to 82 °F, about 4 rainy days a month and 7 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Port Louis station, with constants from TICON-4 (Hart-Davis, Dettmering and Seitz, 2025, SEANOE), licensed CC BY 4.0, via Slackwater database (changes). Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).