Norderney tides today
- Tide now 2.0 ft ↑ rising · high 1:21 pm (10.5 ft)
- Best time to fish 6:50–8:10 am average day · 6/10
- Beach day Not today Not a beach day · 0/10
- Waves · water 2.2 ft · 53 °F slight · 4.9 s from the west-northwest
- Wind · air 6 mph · 52 °F from the WSW, gusts 11 · overcast
- Sun 7:25 am–5:04 pm 9 h 39 min of daylight
- Moon 85% · 6:34 pm waning gibbous · rises at 6:34 pm
- Best time to dive 11:30 am–2:10 pm great day · 10/10
Today in Norderney there are high tides at 12:58 am (10.5 ft) and 1:21 pm (10.5 ft) and low tides at 7:15 am and 7:33 pm. Tide coefficient 79. Right now the tide is rising toward the high tide at 1:21 pm. The sun rises at 7:25 am and sets at 5:04 pm: 9 h 39 min of daylight. The moon is 85% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 6:34 pm. Major solunar periods run from 1:55 am to 3:55 am and from 2:28 pm to 4:28 pm. The next spring tides arrive from November 9 to 11. The sea is slight, with 2.2 ft waves. There's a light breeze from the west-southwest (6 mph). Overcast, 52 °F.
Fishing in Norderney today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: high- Low tide at 7:15 am
- Sunrise at 7:25 am
- Rising pressure (+0.17 inHg in 24 h), light cross-shore wind (5 mph) and some swell (2.2 ft waves) to stir the water
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 79 (average tides)
- A major period lines up with sunset
Your day at a glance
The best window, 6:50 am to 8:10 am, combines the 7:15 am low tide, sunrise and some swell, though with rising pressure. Also worth a try from 12:20 pm to 1:30 pm, with the 1:21 pm high tide, moonset and some swell, though with rising pressure.
Species with the most records nearby: European plaice, whiting, European flounder and common sole. October is one of the months when these are seen most: European flounder. What you can catch
Beach day in Norderney
Is it a beach day?
- Cross-shore breeze (5 mph)
- Calm for swimming: 2.2 ft waves
- Low tide at 7:15 am: more sand
- Cloudy (82% cloud cover)
- Feels like 55 °F: chilly for the beach
- Water at 53 °F (very cold)
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Calm · 2.2 ft
2.2 ft waves: calm for swimming. Low rip current risk. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 53 °F
Very cold: ease in and keep swims short.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 1 · SPF 15
Max UV 1 (low): SPF 15 sunscreen.
- Wind 5 mph
Cross-shore breeze (5 mph).
- Tide & sand 7:33 pm
Low tide at 7:15 am and 7:33 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 12:58 am and 1:21 pm.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Norderney
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Nordstrand 0.5 mi · N
- Lifeguard
- Restrooms
- Showers
- Parking
- No dogs
Excellent water quality 2025 season, EEA
- Weststrand 0.7 mi · SW
- Restrooms
- Showers
- Parking
- No dogs
Excellent water quality 2025 season, EEA
- FKK-Strand 3.5 mi · E
- Lifeguard
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Nudity allowed
Excellent water quality 2025 season, EEA
- Naturstrand 5.6 mi · SE
- Grünstrand 6.1 mi · S
- Restrooms
- Showers
- Parking
Good water quality 2025 season, EEA
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Bathing water quality: European Environment Agency (EEA), with data from the authorities of Germany.
Webcams near Norderney
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Norderney
Today's high and low tides
- ▲ High tide 12:58 am 10.5 ft · coef. 79
- ▼ Low tide 7:15 am 2.0 ft
- ▲ Next high tide 1:21 pm 10.5 ft · coef. 77
- ▼ Low tide 7:33 pm 2.4 ft
↑ Rising The tide is rising. 5 h 57 min to high tide at 1:21 pm.
Tide coefficient 79 for the 12:58 am high tide and 77 for the 1:21 pm high tide. Average coefficient. The water rises and falls 8.5 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: an average range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on September 12 (11.5 ft) and the lowest, on April 18 (0.7 ft).
Semidiurnal: two high and two low tides a day, of similar height.
Heights above chart datum: the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the zero of nautical charts in Europe. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. chart datum (LAT)
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 9 to 12 (coefficient 86, 9.9 ft range). The smallest, from October 20 to 21 (coefficient 45, 5.4 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Thu 29 | 7:25 am · 5:04 pm | High tide 12:58 am · 10.5 ft | Low tide 7:15 am · 2.0 ft | High tide 1:21 pm · 10.5 ft | Low tide 7:33 pm · 2.4 ft | Coef. 79 | 85% | Major periods 1:55 am · 2:28 pm | High |
| Fri 30 | 7:27 am · 5:02 pm | High tide 1:39 am · 10.5 ft | Low tide 7:56 am · 2.1 ft | High tide 2:06 pm · 10.2 ft | Low tide 8:13 pm · 2.8 ft | Coef. 76 | 76% | Major periods 3:00 am · 3:32 pm | Medium |
| Sat 31 | 7:29 am · 5:00 pm | High tide 2:21 am · 10.5 ft | Low tide 8:40 am · 2.3 ft | High tide 2:53 pm · 9.9 ft | Low tide 8:54 pm · 3.1 ft | Coef. 72 | 66% | Major periods 4:03 am · 4:33 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 7:31 am · 4:58 pm | High tide 3:07 am · 10.4 ft | Low tide 9:28 am · 2.5 ft | High tide 3:43 pm · 9.5 ft | Low tide 9:40 pm · 3.5 ft | Coef. 67 | Last quarter | Major periods 5:02 am · 5:30 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 7:33 am · 4:56 pm | High tide 3:59 am · 10.3 ft | Low tide 10:25 am · 2.9 ft | High tide 4:40 pm · 9.2 ft | Low tide 10:37 pm · 3.8 ft | Coef. 60 | 43% | Major periods 5:56 am · 6:21 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 7:35 am · 4:54 pm | High tide 4:59 am · 10.2 ft | Low tide 11:35 am · 3.1 ft | High tide 5:46 pm · 8.9 ft | Low tide 11:50 pm · 3.9 ft | Coef. 56 | 33% | Major periods 6:46 am · 7:09 pm | Medium |
| Wed 4 | 7:37 am · 4:52 pm | High tide 6:09 am · 10.1 ft | Low tide 1:00 pm · 3.0 ft | High tide 7:06 pm · 9.0 ft | — | Coef. 60 | 23% | Major periods 7:32 am · 7:54 pm | Medium |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above chart datum (LAT). Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Tides from the Norderney Riffgat station (TICON-4), 0.7 mi from Norderney. Times and heights are its predictions.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database). Source: Hart-Davis, M., Dettmering, D., Seitz, F. (2025), TICON-4: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA-4 sea-level records, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/109129. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified: see https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database#modifications-to-source-data
The sea at Norderney
Sea stateSea state: slight
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common1.1 ft
- Significant2.2 ft
- Highest expectedHighest4.7 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 4.7 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 4.7 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-shore wind. The coast faces north and the wind blows along the shore: drift and current run parallel to the beach.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves build over the next few days. The biggest waves arrive on Monday 2: 5.5 ft with a period of 6 s, from the north-northwest (moderate).
Water temperature
Water temperature →The satellite measured 3.8 °F more 2 days ago than the model gives now: the water is probably warmer than the forecast says.
Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water is steady these days, with no sudden changes.
Water about normal for late October.
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 7:24 am (local time).
Nearest buoy
This is a real measurement of the sea, not a forecast. Data from Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Defense and Nature Conservation Agency, via the E.U. Copernicus Marine Service. Generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (doi:10.48670/moi-00036).
Surf in Norderney today
Surf today
Poor- 1.1–1.7 ft surf at the shore, small: good for learning or a longboard
- 1.8 ft swell at 4 s from the west-northwest, short: weak, messy waves
- Light offshore wind (5 mph): it holds up and grooms the waves
- Rising tide (high tide at 1:21 pm)
- Light: First light 6:48 am · sunrise 7:25 am · sunset 5:04 pm · last light 5:41 pm
- Tide: high 12:58 am (10.5 ft), low 7:15 am (2.0 ft), high 1:21 pm (10.5 ft) and low 7:33 pm (2.4 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 53.2 °F: a 5/4 fullsuit with booties (and a hood if it’s windy).
- Energy: 9 kJ · Low power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 8:00 am to 12:00 pm, has light offshore wind, though with a short-period swell. 3:00 pm to 5:41 pm can also work, with glassy water, though with small waves and a short-period swell.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Norderney today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: good- Slack water around high tide (1:21 pm): little current from 12:50 pm to 1:40 pm
- 1.6 ft swell at 4 s from the west-northwest: barely any surge
- Light cross-shore wind (5 mph)
- 0.2 mph current toward the east, weak (model)
- Sun high: more light underwater
- Slack water today: high tide 12:58 am (12:30–1:20 am), low tide 7:15 am (7:00–7:30 am), high tide 1:21 pm (12:50–1:40 pm) and low tide 7:33 pm (7:10–7:50 pm)
- Likely visibility: good. Swell (up to 2.6 ft at 5 s) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 53.2 °F: a 7 mm semi-dry suit, with hood, gloves and booties.
- Snorkeling: doable, with some waves or wind.
- Night dive: dark from 5:41 pm. Waning gibbous (85%), rising at 6:34 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 11:30 am to 2:10 pm, combines slack water at high tide, little swell, light wind, weak current and the sun high.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- R.s. 21 1.2 mi
- Johannes 1.7 mi
- Borgfelde 1.7 mi
- Nordlight 1.7 mi
- Maria 1.8 mi
- Heribert 1.8 mi
- Wreck 1.2 mi
- Wreck 1.4 mi
- Wreck 1.4 mi
- Wreck 1.7 mi
- Ruhezone I/16 3.0 mi
- Tauchschule Das Buddy-team 7.7 mi
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Wreck and reef positions are approximate and not for navigation; a wreck’s depth runs from the top of the hull to the seabed.
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Wrecks: EMODnet Human Activities (AND-International), from UK Hydrographic Office data, CC BY 4.0. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Weather in Norderney
Now in Norderney
- Low / high
- 49 / 56 °F
- Rain
- 0.00 in · 6%
- Clouds
- 86%
- Humidity
- 97%
- Dew pointDew point
- 51 °F
- Visibility
- 5.5 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 22
- Saharan dust
- No
- Pollen
- None
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising · now Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Rising now (+0.04 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: +0.18 inHg. Rising pressure: anglers say fish bite less for a while. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Mainly clear | Fog |
| Temperature | 52° | 52° | 52° | 53° | 56° | 56° | 53° | 50° |
| Wind (mph) | 13 SW | 9 SW | 7 WSW | 5 SW | 5 WSW | 4 W | 0 ESE | 2 SSE |
| Gusts | 21 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 3 |
| Waves | 3.3 ft | 2.9 ft | 2.4 ft | 2.0 ft | 1.8 ft | 1.6 ft | 1.6 ft | 1.5 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 9:00 am 53° 5 SW 2.0 ft
- 12:00 pm 56° 5 WSW 1.8 ft
- 3:00 pm 56° 4 W 1.6 ft
- 6:00 pm 53° 0 ESE 1.6 ft
- 9:00 pm 50° 2 SSE 1.5 ft
- 12:00 am 49° 2 SSE 1.4 ft
- 3:00 am 49° 3 SE 1.4 ft
- 6:00 am 48° 3 SSE 1.4 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 29 | 49 / 56 °F | 13 mph SW | 3.3 ft | 12:58 am · 1:21 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 47 / 54 °F | 5 mph SSE | 1.4 ft | 1:39 am · 2:06 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 48 / 52 °F | 5 mph SW | 1.0 ft | 2:21 am · 2:53 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 51 / 55 °F | 6 mph NW | 1.8 ft | 3:07 am · 3:43 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 50 / 54 °F | 19 mph N | 5.5 ft | 3:59 am · 4:40 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 42 / 51 °F | 19 mph NE | 4.5 ft | 4:59 am · 5:46 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 37 / 46 °F | 2 mph SSE | 2.8 ft | 6:09 am · 7:06 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 41 / 51 °F | 4 mph WNW | 2.4 ft | 7:31 am · 8:24 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 41 / 52 °F | 4 mph E | 2.1 ft | 8:44 am · 9:21 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 37 / 47 °F | 5 mph ESE | 1.2 ft | 9:39 am · 10:06 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 37 / 44 °F | 5 mph SSW | 1.2 ft | 10:24 am · 10:47 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 43 / 48 °F | 9 mph SE | 1.4 ft | 11:05 am · 11:26 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 48 / 55 °F | 11 mph SSE | 1.5 ft | 11:44 am | |
| Wed 11 | 51 / 56 °F | 11 mph S | 1.6 ft | 12:03 am · 12:21 pm |
- Fri 30 Fog 47° / 54° 1.4 ft
- Sat 31 Fog 48° / 52° 1.0 ft
- Sun 1 Light rain 51° / 55° 1.8 ft
- Mon 2 Light rain 50° / 54° 5.5 ft
- Tue 3 Overcast 42° / 51° 4.5 ft
- Wed 4 Overcast 37° / 46° 2.8 ft
- Thu 5 Overcast 41° / 51° 2.4 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models They agree · high confidence for the next few days. See the models →
- Normal Today, warmer than normal for late October (+3.7 °F; normal high: 52 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 7:24 am (local time).
The sun in Norderney
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 6:07 am
- Full dark 6:22 pm
- Civil dawn 6:48 am
- Civil dusk 5:41 pm
- Solar noon 12:15 pm (23° high)
- Daylight 9 h 39 min (−4 min)
- Evening golden hour 4:12 pm
- Full dark 6:22 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,336,030 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Norderney
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,618 mi away and looks 32′ 45″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: high- 1:55–3:55 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 2:28–4:28 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 11:51 am–12:51 pm Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 6:04–7:04 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 9:29 pmNov 1 in 3 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 8:03 amNov 9 in 11 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 12:48 pmNov 17 in 19 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 3:54 pmNov 24 in 26 days
Next perigee (the moon at its closest to Earth): November 25, 223,281 mi away.
Where to fish in Norderney
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Segelschule Norderney 0.5 mi
- SVN 0.5 mi
- Jetty 0.5 mi
- Jetty 0.8 mi
- Jetty 1.6 mi
- Jetty 2.8 mi
- Boat ramp 0.4 mi
- Slip N-Ports Norderney 0.5 mi
- Norderney Port 0.8 mi
- Yachthafen Norderney 0.5 mi
- Yacht-Club Norden 5.7 mi
- C. Carls 0.5 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Shallow, gradualShallow, gradual bottom: you need to go 2.3 mi out for 33 ft of water.
From the shoreline (0.55 mi from Norderney) out to sea, heading north.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep1.8 mi
- 33 ft deep2.3 mi
- 66 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Shallow, gradual bottom (16 ft at 1.8 mi): cast far from the beach and fish the high tide, when there is more water close in.
- Swimming. The water gets deeper little by little, but a few dozen yards out you can no longer stand.
- Diving. Shallow near shore: you only reach 33 ft at 2.3 mi. For dives deeper than 33 ft, go by boat.
Source: EMODnet Bathymetry DTM 2024 (CC BY 4.0), cells of about 380 ft; depth at the lowest astronomical tide. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Nearest lighthouse
Leuchtturm Norderney 3.0 mi east
- Light
- 3 white flashes every 12 s · Fl(3) W 12s
- Range
- 23 nautical miles (26 mi)
- Light height
- 194 ft above sea level
- Tower height
- 179 ft
- Built
- 1874
Light details: NGA List of Lights (USA); the rest from Wikidata. For reference only: not for navigation. Wikidata · Sources and licenses
Tides near NorderneyTides nearby
- Norddeich6.5 mi
- Juist6.9 mi
- Norden8.0 mi
- Langeoog14 mi
- Greetsiel15 mi
- Bensersiel17 mi
- Borkum21 mi
- Rysum23 mi
- Oudeschip23 mi
- Emden24 mi
Norderney at a glance
- Town or city of about 5,949 people. Coordinates: 53.708° N, 7.157° E.
- It is 40 mi west of Wilhelmshaven, the main place in Lower Saxony. The sun rises 4 min later and sets 3 min later than in Wilhelmshaven.
- The nearest tide station, Norderney Riffgat, is 0.7 mi to the south.
- Its coast faces north.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Hafen von Norderney (0.7 mi), Westbad (0.8 mi), Ostbad (2.3 mi), Nordstrand (4.0 mi).
Questions about NorderneyQuestions
What time is high tide today in Norderney?
Today in Norderney there are high tides at 12:58 am (10.5 ft) and 1:21 pm (10.5 ft) and low tides at 7:15 am and 7:33 pm. Tide coefficient 79.
What time is sunset today in Norderney?
At 5:04 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 5:41 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Norderney?
At 7:27 am. First light comes at 6:09 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 85% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 8:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From November 9 to 11.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 1:55–3:55 am, Minor 11:51 am–12:51 pm, Major 2:28–4:28 pm, Minor 6:04–7:04 pm. Today's activity is high.
What's the weather like today in Norderney?
Fog, from 49 °F to 56 °F, with a light breeze from the west-southwest (6 mph) and a 6% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Norderney?
Slight (Douglas 3): 2.2 ft waves with a period of 4.9 s from the west-northwest. The water is 53.2 °F.
When is the best time to visit Norderney?
The best time to visit Norderney is from July to August: highs of 69 °F to 70 °F, about 11 rainy days a month and 6 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Norderney Riffgat station, with constants from TICON-4 (Hart-Davis, Dettmering and Seitz, 2025, SEANOE), licensed CC BY 4.0, via Slackwater database (changes). Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).