Calais tides today
- Tide now 9.8 ft ↑ rising · high 1:50 am (24.4 ft)
- Best time tomorrow 1:10–3:10 pm average day · 6/10
- Beach day Not today Not a beach day · 0/10
- Waves · water 2.2 ft · 59 °F slight · 6.1 s from the west-southwest
- Wind · air 5 mph · 58 °F from the WSW, gusts 9 · partly cloudy
- Sun 7:38 am–5:34 pm 9 h 57 min of daylight
- Moon 93% · 6:22 pm waning gibbous · rises at 6:22 pm
- Diving tomorrow 3:30–5:30 pm good day · 7/10
Today in Calais there are high tides at 1:10 am (24.6 ft) and 1:27 pm (24.9 ft) and low tides at 8:23 am and 8:49 pm. Tide coefficient 90. Right now the tide is rising toward the high tide at 1:50 am. The sun rises at 7:38 am and sets at 5:34 pm: 9 h 57 min of daylight. The moon is 93% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 6:22 pm. Major solunar periods run from 1:14 am to 3:14 am and from 1:45 pm to 3:45 pm. The next spring tides arrive from October 26 to 28. The sea is slight, with 2.2 ft waves. There's a light breeze from the west-southwest (5 mph). Partly cloudy, 58 °F.
Fishing in Calais today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: high- High tide at 1:27 pm, coefficient 89
- Major period 1:45–3:45 pm
- Rising pressure (+0.43 inHg in 24 h), light cross-shore wind (12 mph) and some swell (2.6 ft waves) to stir the water
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 90 (spring tides)
- A minor period lines up with sunset
Your day at a glance
The best window, 1:50 pm to 2:30 pm, combines the 1:27 pm high tide, a major period and some swell, though with rising pressure. Also worth a try from 1:10 am to 2:10 am, with the 1:10 am high tide, a major period, a light onshore breeze and some swell, though with rising pressure. Also worth a try from 7:20 am to 8:30 am, with the 8:23 am low tide, sunrise and some swell, though with rising pressure.
Species with the most records nearby: whiting, European plaice, small-spotted catshark and Atlantic horse mackerel. October is one of the months when these are seen most: Atlantic horse mackerel. What you can catch
Beach day in Calais
Is it a beach day?
- Sun and clouds
- Calm for swimming: 2.7 ft waves
- Low tide at 8:23 am: more sand
- Feels like 56 °F: chilly for the beach
- Moderate cross-shore wind (13 mph)
- Water at 59 °F (very cold)
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Calm · 2.7 ft
2.7 ft waves: calm for swimming. Low rip current risk. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 59 °F
Very cold: ease in and keep swims short.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 1 · SPF 15
Max UV 1 (low): SPF 15 sunscreen.
- Wind 13 mph
Moderate cross-shore wind (13 mph).
- Tide & sand 8:23 am
Low tide at 8:23 am and 8:49 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 1:10 am and 1:27 pm.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Calais
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Calais Beach 1.3 mi · NW
- Lifeguard
- Restrooms
- Showers
- Parking
Good water quality 2025 season, EEA
- Calais plage 2.5 mi · W
- Nudity allowed
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Bathing water quality: European Environment Agency (EEA), with data from the French Ministry of Health (baignades.sante.gouv.fr).
Webcams near Calais
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Calais
Today's high and low tides
- ▲ High tide 1:10 am 24.6 ft · coef. 90
- ▼ Low tide 8:23 am 3.4 ft
- ▲ High tide 1:27 pm 24.9 ft · coef. 89
- ▼ Low tide 8:49 pm 3.2 ft
↑ Rising The tide is rising. 2 h 54 min to high tide at 1:50 am.
Tide coefficient 90 for the 1:10 am high tide and 89 for the 1:27 pm high tide. Spring tides. The water rises and falls 21.8 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on March 22 (25.0 ft) and the lowest, on August 14 (1.3 ft).
Semidiurnal: two high and two low tides a day, of similar height.
Heights above chart datum: the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the zero of nautical charts in Europe. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. chart datum (LAT)
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 10 to 12 (coefficient 92, 22.3 ft range). The smallest, on October 20 (coefficient 36, 8.6 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Wed 28 | 7:38 am · 5:34 pm | High tide 1:10 am · 24.6 ft | Low tide 8:23 am · 3.4 ft | High tide 1:27 pm · 24.9 ft | Low tide 8:49 pm · 3.2 ft | Coef. 90 | 93% | Major periods 1:14 am · 1:45 pm | High |
| Thu 29 | 7:39 am · 5:32 pm | High tide 1:50 am · 24.4 ft | Low tide 9:08 am · 3.8 ft | High tide 2:07 pm · 24.6 ft | Low tide 9:34 pm · 3.7 ft | Coef. 88 | 85% | Major periods 2:17 am · 2:50 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 7:41 am · 5:31 pm | High tide 2:33 am · 23.8 ft | Low tide 9:55 am · 4.4 ft | High tide 2:51 pm · 23.7 ft | Low tide 10:21 pm · 4.6 ft | Coef. 82 | 76% | Major periods 3:22 am · 3:54 pm | Medium |
| Sat 31 | 7:43 am · 5:29 pm | High tide 3:19 am · 22.8 ft | Low tide 10:45 am · 5.2 ft | High tide 3:41 pm · 22.5 ft | Low tide 11:13 pm · 5.6 ft | Coef. 74 | 66% | Major periods 4:25 am · 4:55 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 7:45 am · 5:27 pm | High tide 4:14 am · 21.4 ft | Low tide 11:42 am · 6.1 ft | High tide 4:42 pm · 20.9 ft | — | Coef. 65 | Last quarter | Major periods 5:24 am · 5:52 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 7:46 am · 5:25 pm | Low tide 12:12 am · 6.6 ft | High tide 5:24 am · 20.0 ft | Low tide 12:48 pm · 6.7 ft | High tide 6:10 pm · 19.7 ft | Coef. 55 | 43% | Major periods 6:18 am · 6:43 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 7:48 am · 5:24 pm | Low tide 1:22 am · 7.2 ft | High tide 6:59 am · 19.4 ft | Low tide 2:01 pm · 6.7 ft | High tide 7:51 pm · 19.7 ft | Coef. 53 | 33% | Major periods 7:08 am · 7:31 pm | Medium |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above chart datum (LAT). Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Tides from the Calais station (TICON-4), 1.3 mi from Calais. Times and heights are its predictions.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database). Source: Hart-Davis, M., Dettmering, D., Seitz, F. (2025), TICON-4: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA-4 sea-level records, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/109129. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified: see https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database#modifications-to-source-data
The sea at Calais
Sea stateSea state: slight
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common1.1 ft
- Significant2.2 ft
- Highest expectedHighest4.6 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 4.6 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 4.6 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-shore wind. The coast faces north and the wind blows along the shore: drift and current run parallel to the beach.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves stay much the same all week. The biggest waves arrive on Monday 2: 4.1 ft with a period of 5 s, from the north-northeast (slight).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water cools over the next few days: about 57.3 °F by Tuesday 3.
Water about normal for late October.
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 10:56 pm (local time).
Nearest buoy
This is a real measurement of the sea, not a forecast. Data from Met Office, Exeter, via the E.U. Copernicus Marine Service. Generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (doi:10.48670/moi-00036).
Surf in Calais today
Surf today
Poor- 0.9–1.4 ft surf at the shore, small: good for learning or a longboard
- 1.5 ft swell at 6 s from the west-southwest, short: weak, messy waves; it hits this coast at an angle
- 1.6 ft wind swell at 3 s: messy waves
- Light cross-shore wind (12 mph): a bit of chop
- Falling tide (low tide at 8:49 pm)
- Light: First light 7:03 am · sunrise 7:38 am · sunset 5:34 pm · last light 6:09 pm
- Tide: high 1:10 am (24.6 ft), low 8:23 am (3.4 ft), high 1:27 pm (24.9 ft) and low 8:49 pm (3.2 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 58.5 °F: a 4/3 fullsuit (booties if you run cold).
- Energy: 16 kJ · Low power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window is 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm, though with small waves, a short-period swell, wind swell and cross-shore wind.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Calais today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: good- Tidal current running: mid-tide, the water is moving
- 2.7 ft surface waves
- Light offshore wind (11 mph)
- 0.2 mph current toward the east-northeast, weak (model)
- Daylight
- Slack water today: high tide 1:10 am (12:55–1:30 am), low tide 8:23 am (7:50–8:50 am), high tide 1:27 pm (1:10–1:42 pm) and low tide 8:49 pm (8:20–9:10 pm)
- Likely visibility: good. Swell (up to 2.7 ft at 7 s) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 58.5 °F: a 7 mm wetsuit, with hood and booties.
- Snorkeling: doable, with some waves or wind.
- Night dive: dark from 6:09 pm. Waning gibbous (93%), rising at 6:22 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 3:30 pm to 4:30 pm, combines light wind and weak current, though with tidal current. Also worth a look from 10:30 am to 11:30 am, with light wind, weak current and the sun high, though with tidal current.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Niendorf 1.9 mi
- Jupiter Tr 1 3.1 mi
- Costas Michalos (aft Section) 3.5 mi
- Saint Antoine de Padoue 3.5 mi
- Costas Michalos (fwd Part) 3.5 mi
- Wreck 1.7 mi
- Wreck 1.8 mi
- Wreck 2.0 mi
- Wreck 2.1 mi
- Club De Plongée Calais 0.4 mi
- Club des Smogglers 12 mi
- Club Plongée De L' Aa 12 mi
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Wreck and reef positions are approximate and not for navigation; a wreck’s depth runs from the top of the hull to the seabed.
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Wrecks: EMODnet Human Activities (AND-International), from UK Hydrographic Office data, CC BY 4.0. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Weather in Calais
Now in Calais
- Low / high
- 54 / 61 °F
- Rain
- 0.00 in · 0%
- Clouds
- 62%
- Humidity
- 81%
- Dew pointDew point
- 52 °F
- Visibility
- 14 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 30
- Saharan dust
- No
- Pollen
- None
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady · now Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Steady now (+0.01 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: +0.08 inHg. Steady pressure: anglers expect normal activity. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Clear | Clear | Clear | Mainly clear | Partly cloudy | Partly cloudy | Partly cloudy | Partly cloudy |
| Temperature | 55° | 54° | 54° | 55° | 59° | 60° | 59° | 57° |
| Wind (mph) | 7 WSW | 8 W | 9 W | 8 WSW | 12 W | 14 WSW | 9 WSW | 6 WSW |
| Gusts | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 23 | 26 | 19 | 14 |
| Waves | 3.3 ft | 3.0 ft | 2.8 ft | 2.6 ft | 2.6 ft | 2.6 ft | 2.7 ft | 2.5 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 12:00 am 58° 4 WSW 2.0 ft
- 3:00 am 54° 3 SSW 1.7 ft
- 6:00 am 51° 4 SW 1.4 ft
- 9:00 am 55° 2 SSW 1.2 ft
- 12:00 pm 59° 2 S 1.1 ft
- 3:00 pm 60° 4 NNW 1.0 ft
- 6:00 pm 58° 6 ENE 0.9 ft
- 9:00 pm 53° 4 ESE 0.8 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 28 | 54 / 61 °F | 13 mph WSW | 3.3 ft | 1:10 am · 1:27 pm | |
| Thu 29 | 49 / 61 °F | 6 mph SE | 2.0 ft | 1:50 am · 2:07 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 43 / 59 °F | 8 mph ESE | 1.1 ft | 2:33 am · 2:51 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 45 / 51 °F | 7 mph E | 1.4 ft | 3:19 am · 3:41 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 45 / 56 °F | 6 mph N | 1.7 ft | 4:14 am · 4:42 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 52 / 56 °F | 15 mph NNE | 4.1 ft | 5:24 am · 6:10 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 50 / 56 °F | 13 mph NE | 3.7 ft | 6:59 am · 7:51 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 42 / 51 °F | 10 mph ENE | 2.8 ft | 8:22 am · 9:06 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 38 / 49 °F | 11 mph ENE | 2.4 ft | 9:28 am · 10:04 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 39 / 49 °F | 12 mph E | 1.6 ft | 10:22 am · 10:52 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 36 / 49 °F | 9 mph ESE | 2.6 ft | 11:07 am · 11:33 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 46 / 56 °F | 9 mph S | 1.1 ft | 11:47 am | |
| Mon 9 | 51 / 58 °F | 12 mph S | 1.5 ft | 12:09 am · 12:22 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 54 / 59 °F | 17 mph SSW | 3.9 ft | 12:40 am · 12:53 pm |
- Thu 29 Fog 49° / 61° 2.0 ft
- Fri 30 Fog 43° / 59° 1.1 ft
- Sat 31 Overcast 45° / 51° 1.4 ft
- Sun 1 Overcast 45° / 56° 1.7 ft
- Mon 2 Light showers 52° / 56° 4.1 ft
- Tue 3 Light drizzle 50° / 56° 3.7 ft
- Wed 4 Overcast 42° / 51° 2.8 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models Partly agree · medium confidence: unsure about temperature on Saturday 31. See the models →
- Outlook Next few weeks, compared with normal: normal temperatures, normal rain and a slightly warmer sea. See the outlook →
- Normal Today, warmer than normal for late October (+4.0 °F; normal high: 57 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 10:56 pm (local time).
The sun in Calais
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 6:25 am
- Full dark 6:47 pm
- Civil dawn 7:03 am
- Civil dusk 6:09 pm
- Solar noon 12:36 pm (26° high)
- Daylight 9 h 57 min (−4 min)
- Evening golden hour 4:46 pm
- Full dark 6:47 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,359,987 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Calais
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,461 mi away and looks 32′ 47″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: high- 1:14–3:14 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 1:45–3:45 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 10:33–11:33 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 5:52–6:52 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 9:29 pmNov 1 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 8:03 amNov 9 in 12 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 12:48 pmNov 17 in 20 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 3:54 pmNov 24 in 27 days
Perigee on October 28, 226,426 mi away, coinciding with the spring tides from October 26 to 28: they will be stronger than usual.
Where to fish in Calais
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Jetty 1.5 mi
- Jetty 1.6 mi
- Jetty 1.6 mi
- Boat ramp 2.5 mi
- Boat ramp 5.0 mi
- Bassin de l'Ouest 0.8 mi
- Au Martin-pecheur 0.5 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Gentle slopeThe bottom slopes gently: 16 ft deep 120 ft from shore and 33 ft at 0.8 mi. Right off the beach it already drops to about 27 ft.
From the shoreline (1.1 mi from Calais) out to sea, heading north.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep120 ft
- 33 ft deep0.8 mi
- 66 ft deep1.9 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Deep water close in: about 27 ft just 330 ft out. Good for casting from rocks, jetties or the beach itself; current and surf hit harder here.
- Swimming. The bottom drops quickly near the shore and you are soon out of your depth. Keep an eye on kids and weak swimmers.
- Diving. Shallow near shore: you only reach 33 ft at 0.8 mi. For dives deeper than 33 ft, go by boat.
Right by the shore the bottom may drop even faster than shown. Where the bottom comes up to the surface there are shoals, rocks or an islet next to the profile.
Source: EMODnet Bathymetry DTM 2024 (CC BY 4.0), cells of about 380 ft; depth at the lowest astronomical tide. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Nearest lighthouse
Tour du Guet 0.6 mi northwest
Other lighthouses nearby: Calais Lighthouse (0.7 mi north), Calais West jetty Lighthouse (1.5 mi northwest).
Data from Wikidata. For reference only: not for navigation. Wikipedia · Wikidata · Sources and licenses
Tides near CalaisTides nearby
- Coquelles2.8 mi
- Sangatte4.5 mi
- Oye-Plage8.3 mi
- Wissant9.6 mi
- Grand-Fort-Philippe11 mi
- Gravelines12 mi
- Ambleteuse15 mi
- Loon-Plage16 mi
- Wimille16 mi
- Wimereux17 mi
Calais at a glance
- Town or city of about 74,433 people. Coordinates: 50.952° N, 1.856° E.
- It is 23 mi west of Dunkirk, the main place in Hauts-de-France. The sun rises 2 min later and sets 2 min later than in Dunkirk.
- The nearest tide station, Calais, is 1.3 mi to the north.
- Its coast faces north.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Calais Ferry Port (0.9 mi), Outer Harbor (1.0 mi).
Questions about CalaisQuestions
What time is high tide today in Calais?
Today in Calais there are high tides at 1:10 am (24.6 ft) and 1:27 pm (24.9 ft) and low tides at 8:23 am and 8:49 pm. Tide coefficient 90.
What time is sunset today in Calais?
At 5:34 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 6:09 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Calais?
At 7:39 am. First light comes at 6:26 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 93% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 8:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From October 26 to 28, together with the lunar perigee: they will be stronger than usual.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 1:14–3:14 am, Minor 10:33–11:33 am, Major 1:45–3:45 pm, Minor 5:52–6:52 pm. Today's activity is high.
What's the weather like today in Calais?
Overcast, from 54 °F to 61 °F, with a light breeze from the west-southwest (5 mph) and a 0% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Calais?
Slight (Douglas 3): 2.2 ft waves with a period of 6.1 s from the west-southwest. The water is 58.6 °F.
When is the best time to visit Calais?
The best time to visit Calais is from July to August: highs of 70 °F to 71 °F, about 8 rainy days a month and 6 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Calais station, with constants from TICON-4 (Hart-Davis, Dettmering and Seitz, 2025, SEANOE), licensed CC BY 4.0, via Slackwater database (changes). Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).