Itapoá tides today
- Tide now -1.9 ft ↑ rising · high 4:37 am (1.8 ft)
- Best time to fish 7:30–9:30 pm average day · 6/10
- Beach tomorrow 9:00 am–12:00 pm Fair beach day · 6/10
- Waves · water 1.6 ft · 73 °F smooth · 5.2 s from the east
- Wind · air 2 mph · 67 °F from the NNW, gusts 6 · overcast
- Sun 5:28 am–6:29 pm 13 h 1 min of daylight
- Moon 92% · 9:34 pm waning gibbous · rises at 9:34 pm
- Diving tomorrow 11:00 am–2:00 pm great day · 10/10
Today in Itapoá there are high tides at 3:44 am (2.2 ft) and 3:50 pm (1.3 ft) and low tides at 8:29 am and 8:33 pm. Tide coefficient 84. Right now the tide is rising toward the high tide at 4:37 am. The sun rises at 5:28 am and sets at 6:29 pm: 13 h 1 min of daylight. The moon is 92% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 9:34 pm. Major solunar periods run from 12:45 am to 2:45 am and from 1:16 pm to 3:16 pm. The next spring tides arrive from October 26 to 28. The sea is smooth, with 1.6 ft waves. There's a light air from the north-northwest (2 mph). Overcast, 67 °F.
Fishing in Itapoá today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: medium- High tide at 3:50 pm, coefficient 76
- Major period 1:16–3:16 pm
- Falling pressure (−0.11 inHg in 24 h), light onshore wind (7 mph) and calm sea (1.4 ft waves)
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 84 (average tides)
Your day at a glance
The best window, 1:50 pm to 4:50 pm, combines the 3:50 pm high tide, a major period, falling pressure and a light onshore breeze. Also good from 7:30 pm to 9:30 pm, with the 8:33 pm low tide, moonrise and falling pressure. Also good from 2:40 am to 4:40 am, with the 3:44 am high tide, a major period and some swell.
Species with the most records nearby: whitemouth croaker, southern kingfish, permit and king mackerel. What you can catch
Beach day in Itapoá
Is it a beach day?
2 good hours- Feels like 81 °F: beach weather
- Onshore breeze (6 mph)
- Calm for swimming: 1.5 ft waves
- UV 6 (high): SPF 50 sunscreen
- Water at 72 °F (nice)
- Low tide at 8:29 am: more sand
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Calm · 1.5 ft
1.5 ft waves: calm for swimming. Low rip current risk. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 73 °F
Nice for swimming.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 6 · SPF 50
Max UV 6 (high): SPF 50 sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours.
- Wind 7 mph
Onshore breeze (7 mph).
- Tide & sand 8:29 am
Low tide at 8:29 am and 8:33 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 3:44 am and 3:50 pm.
The best window, 9:00 am to 2:00 pm, brings beach weather, little wind, a calm sea, water at 72 °F and low tide at 8:29 am, though with clouds. 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm can also work, with pleasant temperatures, little wind, a calm sea and water at 73 °F, though with clouds.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
Beaches near Itapoá
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Praia de Itapoá 1.2 mi · E
- Praia de Itapema do Norte 3.3 mi · N
- Parking
- Praia do Pontal 3.7 mi · SE
- Praia da Figueira 4.6 mi · S
- Praia do Capri 5.4 mi · SE
- Parking
- Praia do Sumidouro 5.6 mi · SE
- Praia da Barra do Saí 5.9 mi · N
- Lifeguard
- Parking
- Praia do Forte 5.9 mi · SE
- Parking
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Webcams near Itapoá
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Tides in Itapoá
Today's high and low tides
- ▲ High tide 3:44 am 2.2 ft · coef. 84
- ▼ Low tide 8:29 am -0.9 ft
- ▲ High tide 3:50 pm 1.3 ft · coef. 76
- ▼ Low tide 8:33 pm -1.9 ft
↑ Rising The tide is rising. 7 h 51 min to high tide at 4:37 am.
Tide coefficient 84 for the 3:44 am high tide and 76 for the 3:50 pm high tide. Average coefficient. The water rises and falls 4.1 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on August 27 (2.7 ft) and the lowest, on September 9 (-2.4 ft).
Mixed: two high and two low tides a day, but of quite different heights.
Heights above mean sea level. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. mean sea level
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 24 to 25 (coefficient 109, 4.5 ft range). The smallest, on October 2 (coefficient 24, 2.0 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Tide 5 | Tide 6 | Tide 7 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Wed 28 | 5:28 am · 6:29 pm | High tide 3:44 am · 2.2 ft | Low tide 8:29 am · -0.9 ft | High tide 3:50 pm · 1.3 ft | Low tide 8:33 pm · -1.9 ft | — | — | — | Coef. 84 | 92% | Major periods 12:45 am · 1:16 pm | Medium |
| Thu 29 | 5:27 am · 6:29 pm | High tide 4:37 am · 1.8 ft | Low tide 8:55 am · -0.5 ft | High tide 4:36 pm · 0.9 ft | Low tide 9:09 pm · -1.7 ft | — | — | — | Coef. 66 | 84% | Major periods 1:48 am · 2:21 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 5:27 am · 6:30 pm | High tide 5:38 am · 1.4 ft | Low tide 9:24 am · -0.1 ft | High tide 12:19 pm · 0.5 ft | Low tide 2:49 pm · 0.2 ft | High tide 5:31 pm · 0.7 ft | Low tide 9:49 pm · -1.3 ft | — | Coef. 46 | 75% | Major periods 2:53 am · 3:25 pm | Low |
| Sat 31 | 5:26 am · 6:31 pm | High tide 6:47 am · 1.1 ft | Low tide 9:56 am · 0.2 ft | High tide 12:44 pm · 0.8 ft | Low tide 4:00 pm · 0.0 ft | High tide 6:39 pm · 0.5 ft | Low tide 10:37 pm · -0.9 ft | — | Coef. 25 | 64% | Major periods 3:56 am · 4:25 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 5:25 am · 6:31 pm | High tide 1:14 am · -0.5 ft | Low tide 3:45 am · -0.9 ft | High tide 8:04 am · 0.9 ft | Low tide 10:33 am · 0.5 ft | High tide 1:13 pm · 1.0 ft | Low tide 4:52 pm · -0.2 ft | High tide 7:53 pm · 0.6 ft | Coef. 27 | Last quarter | Major periods 4:54 am · 5:21 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 5:24 am · 6:32 pm | Low tide 4:45 am · -1.2 ft | High tide 9:17 am · 0.9 ft | Low tide 11:25 am · 0.7 ft | High tide 1:42 pm · 1.0 ft | Low tide 5:33 pm · -0.4 ft | High tide 9:03 pm · 0.8 ft | — | Coef. 42 | 42% | Major periods 5:47 am · 6:12 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 5:24 am · 6:33 pm | Low tide 5:33 am · -1.5 ft | High tide 10:15 am · 1.0 ft | Low tide 6:09 pm · -0.6 ft | High tide 10:03 pm · 1.2 ft | — | — | — | Coef. 55 | 31% | Major periods 6:36 am · 6:59 pm | Medium |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above mean sea level. Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Itapoá has no tide station nearby: its tide is calculated with the global EOT20 model, from the nearest model cells offshore (the first one 7.2 mi away). It may differ from the real tide by a few minutes and inches, and more with wind or storms. Heights are above mean sea level, not chart datum, so low tides are negative. Not for navigation.
Model attribution: Hart-Davis et al. (2021), EOT20 global empirical ocean tide model, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/79489, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified by TidePlanet: constants interpolated from the nearest model cells offshore; heights above mean sea level.
The sea at Itapoá
Sea stateSea state: smooth
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common0.8 ft
- Significant1.6 ft
- Highest expectedHighest3.3 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 3.3 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 3.3 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-shore wind. The coast faces east and the wind blows along the shore: drift and current run parallel to the beach.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves stay much the same all week. The biggest waves arrive on Friday 30: 2.2 ft with a period of 5 s, from the southeast (slight).
Water temperature
Water temperature →The satellite measured 2.9 °F less yesterday than the model gives now: the water is probably colder than the forecast says.
Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water warms over the next few days: about 75.9 °F by Tuesday 3.
Water about normal for late October.
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 8:43 pm (local time).
Surf in Itapoá today
Surf today
Poor- 1.1–1.7 ft surf at the shore, small: good for learning or a longboard
- 1.3 ft swell at 7 s from the southeast, short: weak, messy waves
- Almost no wind (2 mph): glassy water
- Falling tide (low tide at 8:29 am)
- Light: First light 5:04 am · sunrise 5:28 am · sunset 6:29 pm · last light 6:53 pm
- Tide: high 3:44 am (2.2 ft), low 8:29 am (-0.9 ft), high 3:50 pm (1.3 ft) and low 8:33 pm (-1.9 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 71.8 °F–73.2 °F: a rash guard or a neoprene top.
- Energy: 15 kJ · Low power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 5:04 am to 9:00 am, has glassy water, though with a short-period swell. 5:00 pm to 6:53 pm can also work, with glassy water, though with a short-period swell.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Itapoá today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: good- 1.3 ft swell at 6 s from the east-southeast: barely any surge
- Light onshore wind (4 mph)
- 0.1 mph current toward the east, weak (model)
- Sun high: more light underwater
- Slack water today: high tide 3:44 am (3:29–3:59 am), low tide 8:29 am (8:10–9:00 am), high tide 3:50 pm (3:35–4:05 pm) and low tide 8:33 pm (8:18–8:50 pm)
- Likely visibility: good. The sea has been calm and there's been little rain. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 71.8–73.2 °F: a 3 mm wetsuit.
- Snorkeling: good, calm sea and light wind.
- Night dive: dark from 6:53 pm. Waning gibbous (92%), rising at 9:34 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 9:00 am to 12:00 pm, combines little swell, light wind, weak current and the sun high. Also good from 3:20 pm to 4:20 pm, with slack water at high tide, little swell, light wind and weak current.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
We have no dive sites, dive shops or wrecks on record within 12 mi of Itapoá.
If you know one, you can add it to OpenStreetMap and it will show up here after the next update. Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Weather in Itapoá
Now in Itapoá
- Low / high
- 62 / 77 °F
- Rain
- 0.02 in · 75%
- Clouds
- 91%
- Humidity
- 91%
- Dew pointDew point
- 64 °F
- Visibility
- 15 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Fair · 30
- Saharan dust
- No
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising · now Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Rising now (+0.04 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: −0.13 inHg. Rising pressure: anglers say fish bite less for a while. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Overcast | Overcast | Light drizzle | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast |
| Temperature | 64° | 63° | 62° | 70° | 76° | 75° | 69° | 67° |
| Wind (mph) | 4 WNW | 3 WNW | 2 WNW | 2 NNW | 5 NE | 7 ENE | 3 NE | 1 NNW |
| Gusts | 8 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 20 | 12 | 5 |
| Waves | 1.7 ft | 1.7 ft | 1.6 ft | 1.5 ft | 1.4 ft | 1.4 ft | 1.5 ft | 1.6 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.01 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 9:00 pm 67° 1 NNW 1.6 ft
- 12:00 am 65° 2 WNW 1.5 ft
- 3:00 am 64° 2 WSW 1.4 ft
- 6:00 am 63° 3 WSW 1.2 ft
- 9:00 am 72° 1 NE 1.2 ft
- 12:00 pm 77° 4 NE 1.2 ft
- 3:00 pm 74° 5 NE 1.2 ft
- 6:00 pm 69° 3 E 1.3 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 28 | 62 / 77 °F | 7 mph N | 1.7 ft | 3:44 am · 3:50 pm | |
| Thu 29 | 63 / 77 °F | 5 mph NNE | 1.5 ft | 4:37 am · 4:36 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 65 / 69 °F | 7 mph SSW | 2.2 ft | 5:38 am · 12:19 pm · 5:31 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 64 / 70 °F | 4 mph SSE | 1.9 ft | 6:47 am · 12:44 pm · 6:39 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 63 / 76 °F | 6 mph NE | 1.6 ft | 1:14 am · 8:04 am · 1:13 pm · 7:53 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 64 / 79 °F | 6 mph NNE | 1.7 ft | 9:17 am · 1:42 pm · 9:03 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 67 / 82 °F | 6 mph ESE | 1.9 ft | 10:15 am · 10:03 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 71 / 86 °F | 4 mph NNE | 1.7 ft | 10:58 am · 10:53 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 70 / 73 °F | 3 mph NNE | 1.6 ft | 11:34 am · 11:38 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 70 / 82 °F | 5 mph SW | 2.3 ft | 12:09 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 68 / 74 °F | 4 mph SE | 3.7 ft | 12:20 am · 12:43 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 65 / 77 °F | 6 mph SSW | 4.7 ft | 1:01 am · 1:18 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 60 / 71 °F | 5 mph NNE | 4.4 ft | 1:41 am · 1:54 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 60 / 74 °F | 6 mph NE | 2.9 ft | 2:23 am · 2:30 pm |
- Thu 29 Drizzle 63° / 77° 1.5 ft
- Fri 30 Light rain 65° / 69° 2.2 ft
- Sat 31 Drizzle 64° / 70° 1.9 ft
- Sun 1 Drizzle 63° / 76° 1.6 ft
- Mon 2 Heavy drizzle 64° / 79° 1.7 ft
- Tue 3 Light drizzle 67° / 82° 1.9 ft
- Wed 4 Light drizzle 71° / 86° 1.7 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models Partly agree · medium confidence: unsure about rain tomorrow. See the models →
- Outlook Next few weeks, compared with normal: normal temperatures, normal rain and a slightly cooler sea. See the outlook →
- Normal Today, normal highs for late October (76 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 8:43 pm (local time).
The sun in Itapoá
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 4:36 am
- Full dark 7:21 pm
- Civil dawn 5:04 am
- Civil dusk 6:53 pm
- Solar noon 11:58 am (77° high)
- Daylight 13 h 1 min (+1 min)
- Evening golden hour 5:57 pm
- Full dark 7:21 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,356,561 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Itapoá
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,432 mi away and looks 32′ 47″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: medium- 12:45–2:45 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 1:16–3:16 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 6:31–7:31 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 9:04–10:04 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 5:29 pmNov 1 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 4:03 amNov 9 in 12 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 8:48 amNov 17 in 20 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 11:54 amNov 24 in 27 days
Perigee on October 28, 226,426 mi away, coinciding with the spring tides from October 26 to 28: they will be stronger than usual.
Where to fish in Itapoá
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Deck Renan Brito da Silveira 3.5 mi
- Trapiche Gentil Emitério dos Santos 7.7 mi
- Trapiche Governador Pedro Ivo Figueiredo de Campos 7.7 mi
- Boat ramp 2.4 mi
- Rampa Aristides Ari Cota 7.6 mi
- Boat ramp 7.9 mi
- Rampa André Ivarte Varela 7.9 mi
- Boat ramp 8.6 mi
- Porto de Itapoá 4.3 mi
- Porto de São Francisco do Sul 8.4 mi
- Andreza Pescados 7.5 mi
- Preço Bom Pesca e Mergulho 8.9 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Shallow, gradualShallow, gradual bottom: 16 ft at 0.4 mi from shore and 25 ft at 3.1 mi.
From the shoreline (1 mi from Itapoá) out to sea, heading east.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep0.4 mi
- 33 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
- 66 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Shallow, gradual bottom (16 ft at 0.4 mi): cast far from the beach and fish the high tide, when there is more water close in.
- Swimming. A very gentle way in with plenty of shallow water, good for kids. At low tide the water can be far out.
- Diving. Shallow: the water doesn't reach 33 ft within 3.1 mi. For deeper dives, take a boat farther out.
Rough estimate: here the data comes in cells of about 0.3 mi and misses details near shore (rocks, sandbars, small coves).
Source: NOAA ETOPO 2022 (CC0), cells of about 0.3 mi; depth below mean sea level. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Nearest lighthouse
Itapoá's lighthouse 4.4 mi southeast
- Light height
- 30 ft above sea level
- Built
- 1948
Data from Wikidata. For reference only: not for navigation. Wikidata · Sources and licenses
Tides near ItapoáTides nearby
- São Francisco do Sul8.8 mi
- Guaratuba16 mi
- Araquari19 mi
- Joinville19 mi
- Matinhos20 mi
- Pontal do Paraná31 mi
- Barra Velha36 mi
Itapoá at a glance
- Town or city of about 21,177 people. Coordinates: 26.117° S, 48.616° W.
- It is 102 mi north of Florianópolis, the main place in Santa Catarina. The sun rises 2 min later and sets 2 min earlier than in Florianópolis.
- Its coast faces east.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Praia Figueira do Pontal (4.6 mi), Terminal de Uso Privado Itapoá (4.8 mi).
Questions about ItapoáQuestions
What time is high tide today in Itapoá?
Today in Itapoá there are high tides at 3:44 am (2.2 ft) and 3:50 pm (1.3 ft) and low tides at 8:29 am and 8:33 pm. Tide coefficient 84.
What time is sunset today in Itapoá?
At 6:29 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 6:53 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Itapoá?
At 5:27 am. First light comes at 4:35 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 92% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 4:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From October 26 to 28, together with the lunar perigee: they will be stronger than usual.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 12:45–2:45 am, Minor 6:31–7:31 am, Major 1:16–3:16 pm, Minor 9:04–10:04 pm. Today's activity is medium.
What's the weather like today in Itapoá?
Light drizzle, from 62 °F to 77 °F, with a light air from the north-northwest (2 mph) and a 75% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Itapoá?
Smooth (Douglas 2): 1.6 ft waves with a period of 5.2 s from the east. The water is 72.7 °F.
When is the best time to visit Itapoá?
The best time to visit Itapoá is from April to August: highs of 70 °F to 79 °F, about 10 rainy days a month and 4 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: global EOT20 model (DGFI-TUM), licensed CC BY 4.0; constants for this place computed by TidePlanet from the nearest model cells offshore. Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).