Praia da Reserva today
- Beach tomorrow 6:00–9:00 am Poor beach day · 4/10
- Tide now 1.0 ft ↓ falling · low 10:57 pm (-0.2 ft)
- Best time to fish 10:00 pm–12:00 am average day · 6/10
- Waves · water 5.2 ft · 74 °F moderate · 6.9 s from the southeast
- Wind · air 10 mph · 72 °F from the E, gusts 21 · partly cloudy
- Surf tomorrow 1.7–2.7 ft Poor day · 3/10 · 6:00–10:00 am
- Sun 5:11 am–6:04 pm 12 h 53 min of daylight
- Moon 92% · 9:04 pm waning gibbous · rises at 9:04 pm
Today in Praia da Reserva there are high tides at 3:48 am (3.4 ft) and 3:39 pm (2.8 ft) and low tides at 10:52 am and 10:57 pm. Tide coefficient 91. Right now the tide is falling toward the low tide at 10:57 pm. The sun rises at 5:11 am and sets at 6:04 pm: 12 h 53 min of daylight. The moon is 92% illuminated (waning gibbous) and rises at 9:04 pm. Major solunar periods run from 12:23 am to 2:23 am and from 12:54 pm to 2:54 pm. The next spring tides arrive from October 26 to 28. The sea is moderate, with 5.2 ft waves. There's a gentle breeze from the east (10 mph). Partly cloudy, 72 °F.
Beach day in Praia da Reserva
Is it a beach day?
- Feels like 80 °F: pleasant
- Onshore breeze (12 mph)
- UV 6 (high): SPF 50 sunscreen
- Water at 74 °F (nice)
- Low tide at 10:52 am: more sand
- Cloudy (94% cloud cover)
Today, hour by hour
- Swimming Use care · 5.1 ft
5.1 ft waves every 9 s: swim with care and stay where you can stand. High rip current risk. If you're caught in a rip current, don't swim against it: swim parallel to shore and wave for help. Always follow the lifeguard's flags.
- Water 74 °F
Nice for swimming.
- Sun & sunscreen UV 6 · SPF 50
Max UV 6 (high): SPF 50 sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours.
- Wind 12 mph
Onshore breeze (12 mph).
- Tide & sand 10:57 pm
Low tide at 10:52 am and 10:57 pm: that's when there's the most sand. High tide at 3:48 am and 3:39 pm.
We don't have data on jellyfish, sargassum or beach closures: ask the lifeguard or check with the local beach authority. How it works · The next 7 days
About Praia da ReservaThe beach
3.2 mi from Barra da Tijuca. Tides, weather and sun in Barra da Tijuca →
- Lifeguard
- Restrooms
- Parking
Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. See on OpenStreetMap · Fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches near Praia da Reserva
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Praia do Recreio dos Bandeirantes 3.1 mi · W
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Praia do Pontal de Sernambetiba 4.2 mi · W
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Barra da Tijuca Beach 4.8 mi · E
- Lifeguard
- Restrooms
- Parking
- Praia da Macumba 5.0 mi · W
- Parking
- Praia do Secreto 5.5 mi · W
Named beaches within 6.2 mi, nearest first. Amenities from OpenStreetMap: some may be missing or out of date. View on OpenStreetMap · Add or fix on OpenStreetMap
Beaches and amenities: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Webcams near Praia da Reserva
Webcams provided by windy.com — add a webcam
Fishing in Praia da Reserva today
Best time to fish
Solunar activity today: medium- High tide at 3:39 pm, coefficient 83
- Major period 12:54–2:54 pm
- Falling pressure (−0.12 inHg in 24 h), light onshore wind (12 mph) and 4.9 ft waves
- Waning gibbous: a bit more activity than at the quarters
- Highest tide coefficient today: 91 (spring tides)
Your day at a glance
The best window, 2:30 pm to 4:40 pm, combines the 3:39 pm high tide, a major period, falling pressure and a light onshore breeze. Also good from 10:00 pm to 12:00 am, with the 10:57 pm low tide, falling pressure and some swell. Also good from 9:50 am to 11:50 am, with the 10:52 am low tide and some swell.
Species with the most records nearby: whitemouth croaker, bonefish, ladyfish and Florida pompano. October is one of the months when these are seen most: bonefish and Florida pompano. What you can catch
Tides in Praia da Reserva
Today's high and low tides
- ▲ High tide 3:48 am 3.4 ft · coef. 91
- ▼ Low tide 10:52 am 0.4 ft
- ▲ High tide 3:39 pm 2.8 ft · coef. 83
- ▼ Next low tide 10:57 pm -0.2 ft
↓ Falling The tide is falling. 4 h 0 min to low tide at 10:57 pm.
Tide coefficient 91 for the 3:48 am high tide and 83 for the 3:39 pm high tide. Spring tides. The water rises and falls 3.7 ft between the highest high and the lowest low: a large range for this place. 70 is an average tide here; 90 and above means spring tides; below 45, neap tides. What is the tide coefficient?
2026 extremes: the highest tide of the year is on March 19 (4.2 ft) and the lowest, on August 12 (-1.0 ft).
Mixed: two high and two low tides a day, but of quite different heights.
Heights above MLWS. Astronomical prediction: wind and air pressure can raise or lower the water by a few inches, and more in a storm. Not for navigation. MLWS
Tide coefficient and range in October
The biggest tides of the month came from October 25 to 26 (coefficient 108, 4.1 ft range). The smallest, on October 18 (coefficient 20, 1.4 ft).
Tide and solunar table · this week
| Day | Sun | Tide 1 | Tide 2 | Tide 3 | Tide 4 | Tide 5 | Tide 6 | Coef. | Moon | Major periods | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today, Wed 28 | 5:11 am · 6:04 pm | High tide 3:48 am · 3.4 ft | Low tide 10:52 am · 0.4 ft | High tide 3:39 pm · 2.8 ft | Low tide 10:57 pm · -0.2 ft | — | — | Coef. 91 | 92% | Major periods 12:23 am · 12:54 pm | Medium |
| Thu 29 | 5:10 am · 6:05 pm | High tide 4:31 am · 3.1 ft | Low tide 11:55 am · 0.9 ft | High tide 4:14 pm · 2.6 ft | — | — | — | Coef. 74 | 84% | Major periods 1:27 am · 1:59 pm | Medium |
| Fri 30 | 5:10 am · 6:05 pm | Low tide 12:06 am · 0.0 ft | High tide 5:17 am · 2.8 ft | Low tide 1:07 pm · 1.2 ft | High tide 4:52 pm · 2.5 ft | — | — | Coef. 55 | 75% | Major periods 2:31 am · 3:03 pm | Low |
| Sat 31 | 5:09 am · 6:06 pm | Low tide 1:21 am · 0.1 ft | High tide 6:09 am · 2.4 ft | Low tide 8:41 am · 2.1 ft | High tide 10:50 am · 2.2 ft | Low tide 2:22 pm · 1.5 ft | High tide 5:38 pm · 2.3 ft | Coef. 37 | 64% | Major periods 3:34 am · 4:04 pm | Medium |
| Sun 1 | 5:08 am · 6:06 pm | Low tide 2:34 am · 0.2 ft | High tide 11:46 am · 2.5 ft | Low tide 3:30 pm · 1.5 ft | High tide 6:37 pm · 2.1 ft | — | — | Coef. 30 | Last quarter | Major periods 4:32 am · 4:59 pm | Medium |
| Mon 2 | 5:08 am · 6:07 pm | Low tide 3:43 am · 0.2 ft | High tide 12:26 pm · 2.7 ft | Low tide 4:29 pm · 1.3 ft | High tide 7:59 pm · 2.1 ft | — | — | Coef. 41 | 42% | Major periods 5:25 am · 5:50 pm | Medium |
| Tue 3 | 5:07 am · 6:08 pm | Low tide 4:45 am · 0.1 ft | High tide 12:52 pm · 2.7 ft | Low tide 5:19 pm · 1.0 ft | High tide 9:56 pm · 2.3 ft | — | — | Coef. 56 | 31% | Major periods 6:15 am · 6:38 pm | Low |
▲ high tide · ▼ low tide · heights above MLWS. Major periods: start time; they last 2 hours. Activity: based on the moon phase and the solunar periods.
Where this tide comes from
Praia da Reserva has no station of its own, so we use the tide at Ilha Fiscal (Rio de Janeiro, TICON-4), 18 mi away. On the open coast the difference is usually a few minutes and inches; inside estuaries, rivers and enclosed bays it can be much larger.
Station data attribution: Slackwater database (https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database). Source: Hart-Davis, M., Dettmering, D., Seitz, F. (2025), TICON-4: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA-4 sea-level records, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/109129. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Modified: see https://github.com/openwatersio/slackwater-database#modifications-to-source-data
The sea at Praia da Reserva
Sea stateSea state: moderate
The waves you may find
- Most commonMost common2.6 ft
- Significant5.2 ft
- Highest expectedHighest11 ft
One wave in seven is higher than the significant height, and about 3 times a day one reaches 11 ft. Before heading out, expect waves of up to 11 ft.
Wind on the coast and offshore
Cross-shore wind. The coast faces south and the wind blows along the shore: drift and current run parallel to the beach.
Wave height, next 7 daysWaves, next 7 days
Waves stay much the same all week. The biggest waves arrive on Wednesday 28: 5.8 ft with a period of 9 s, from the south-southeast (moderate).
Water temperature
Water temperature →Water temperature changes how fish behave: in very cold or very warm water they feed less. The water warms over the next few days: about 77.2 °F by Tuesday 3.
Water warmer than normal for late October (+2.3 °F).
Satellite: NASA MUR (JPL MUR MEaSUREs, PO.DAAC), doi:10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04. Sources and licenses
Water temperature →Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 6:57 pm (local time).
Surf in Praia da Reserva today
Surf today
Good- 3.5–5.4 ft surf at the shore, a good size with some punch
- 5.0 ft swell at 7 s from the south-southeast, short: weak, messy waves
- Light offshore wind (5 mph): it holds up and grooms the waves
- Falling tide (low tide at 10:52 am)
- Light: First light 4:48 am · sunrise 5:11 am · sunset 6:04 pm · last light 6:28 pm
- Tide: high 3:48 am (3.4 ft), low 10:52 am (0.4 ft), high 3:39 pm (2.8 ft) and low 10:57 pm (-0.2 ft). Every break has its own tide: some work at low tide and others at high tide. The tide doesn’t change the score here.
- Water at 74.3 °F: a rash guard or a neoprene top.
- Energy: 242 kJ · Medium power
Today’s surf at a glance
The best window, 5:00 am to 9:00 am, has a good size and light offshore wind, though with a short-period swell.
An estimate for this stretch of coast, not for a specific break: every beach or reef works its own way (its tide, bottom and angle). Check it when you get there.
Follow the flags and the lifeguards, and don’t paddle out if the surf is above your level: this score is a guide, not a substitute for what you see when you get there.
Diving in Praia da Reserva today
Diving and snorkeling today
Likely visibility: poor- Slack water around low tide (10:52 am): little current from 10:30 am to 11:10 am
- 4.0 ft swell at 7 s from the south-southeast: some surge on the bottom
- Light cross-shore wind (5 mph)
- 0.5 mph current toward the west-southwest, weak (model)
- Sun high: more light underwater
- Slack water today: high tide 3:48 am (3:30–4:03 am), low tide 10:52 am (10:30–11:10 am), high tide 3:39 pm (3:24–3:54 pm) and low tide 10:57 pm (10:10–11:20 pm)
- Likely visibility: poor. Swell (up to 7.7 ft at 8 s) over the last few days has stirred up the water. Based on the last 24 hours of data.
- Water at 74.3 °F: a 3 mm wetsuit.
- Snorkeling: better not, with these waves, wind or current.
- Night dive: dark from 6:28 pm. Waning gibbous (92%), rising at 9:04 pm: a bright night.
Your diving day at a glance
The best window, 10:30 am to 11:40 am, combines slack water at low tide, light wind, weak current and the sun high, though with some swell. Also worth a look from 3:10 pm to 4:10 pm, with slack water at high tide, light wind and weak current, though with some swell.
Slack water comes from the tide: in inlets, channels and between islands the water can keep running for an hour or two after. Ask the local dive shop.
Never dive alone and check with the local dive shop: this rating is a guide, not a substitute for a professional.
Dive sites, wrecks and dive shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Área de Proteção Ambiental de Grumari 7.7 mi
- Escola de Mergulho MR Dive 3.4 mi
- Maritimo Rio 3.5 mi
- Mergulho Carioca - Curso de Mergulho Rio de Janeiro 7.0 mi
- Cardume Mergulho 7.2 mi
- MACAU DIVE 9.8 mi
- XDivers Scuba School 12 mi
Within 12 mi. Some may be missing or closed; marine reserves usually need a permit. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Sites: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).
Weather in Praia da Reserva
Now in Praia da Reserva
- Low / high
- 68 / 77 °F
- Rain
- 0.00 in · 7%
- Clouds
- 74%
- Humidity
- 79%
- Dew pointDew point
- 65 °F
- Visibility
- 15 mi
- UV indexUV
- 0 · low
- Air qualityAir
- Moderate · 43
- Saharan dust
- No
Pressure and fishing
- ↗ RisingRising Anglers say fish bite less for a while
- → SteadySteady · now Anglers expect normal activity
- ↘ FallingFalling Anglers say fish feed more before the change
Steady now (+0.01 inHg in 3 hours). Over the next 48 hours: −0.20 inHg. Steady pressure: anglers expect normal activity. Fast changes, either way, tend to affect fishing.
Today, hour by hourHour by hour
Bars: mean wind. Dashed line: gusts. Arrows point where the wind blows to.
| Time | 12:00 am | 3:00 am | 6:00 am | 9:00 am | 12:00 pm | 3:00 pm | 6:00 pm | 9:00 pm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sky | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Overcast | Partly cloudy | Overcast |
| Temperature | 69° | 69° | 68° | 75° | 77° | 75° | 72° | 71° |
| Wind (mph) | 7 ENE | 7 ENE | 5 ENE | 5 NE | 6 ESE | 11 ESE | 11 E | 9 ENE |
| Gusts | 15 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 24 | 22 | 19 |
| Waves | 5.8 ft | 5.4 ft | 5.1 ft | 4.7 ft | 4.7 ft | 4.8 ft | 5.2 ft | 5.0 ft |
| Rain | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in | 0.00 in |
- 6:00 pm 72° 11 E 5.2 ft
- 9:00 pm 71° 9 ENE 5.0 ft
- 12:00 am 70° 3 ENE 4.6 ft
- 3:00 am 70° 2 ENE 4.3 ft
- 6:00 am 70° 0 W 3.9 ft
- 9:00 am 75° 4 SSE 3.7 ft
- 12:00 pm 72° 7 SSE 3.5 ft
- 3:00 pm 72° 7 ESE 3.7 ft
Next 14 daysComing days
| Day | Sky | Low / high | Max wind | Max wave | High tides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Today · 28 | 68 / 77 °F | 12 mph E | 5.8 ft | 3:48 am · 3:39 pm | |
| Thu 29 | 70 / 75 °F | 7 mph ESE | 4.6 ft | 4:31 am · 4:14 pm | |
| Fri 30 | 71 / 78 °F | 5 mph SSW | 4.1 ft | 5:17 am · 4:52 pm | |
| Sat 31 | 71 / 75 °F | 10 mph SW | 3.5 ft | 6:09 am · 10:50 am · 5:38 pm | |
| Sun 1 | 70 / 76 °F | 10 mph ESE | 4.1 ft | 11:46 am · 6:37 pm | |
| Mon 2 | 69 / 80 °F | 12 mph E | 5.4 ft | 12:26 pm · 7:59 pm | |
| Tue 3 | 73 / 81 °F | 5 mph WSW | 4.8 ft | 12:52 pm · 9:56 pm | |
| Wed 4 | 74 / 83 °F | 8 mph ENE | 3.8 ft | 12:54 pm · 11:18 pm | |
| Thu 5 | 76 / 87 °F | 4 mph W | 3.0 ft | 12:29 pm | |
| Fri 6 | 77 / 92 °F | 6 mph NE | 5.2 ft | 12:04 am · 12:39 pm | |
| Sat 7 | 77 / 90 °F | 14 mph NNW | 2.0 ft | 12:45 am · 1:06 pm | |
| Sun 8 | 73 / 83 °F | 17 mph SW | 4.1 ft | 1:25 am · 1:38 pm | |
| Mon 9 | 71 / 75 °F | 10 mph SSW | 4.1 ft | 2:05 am · 2:11 pm | |
| Tue 10 | 70 / 73 °F | 9 mph SE | 3.3 ft | 2:44 am · 2:44 pm |
- Thu 29 Light rain 70° / 75° 4.6 ft
- Fri 30 Light rain 71° / 78° 4.1 ft
- Sat 31 Light drizzle 71° / 75° 3.5 ft
- Sun 1 Light drizzle 70° / 76° 4.1 ft
- Mon 2 Drizzle 69° / 80° 5.4 ft
- Tue 3 Drizzle 73° / 81° 4.8 ft
- Wed 4 Overcast 74° / 83° 3.8 ft
Each day comes from the best model covering this spot: regional ones first (HRRR and NBM in the U.S., AROME, ICON-EU), then ECMWF; day 16, NOAA GFS. Waves: Météo-France up to day 10, then ECMWF WAM, coarser and further offshore. High tides: our own tide calculation.
- The models Partly agree · medium confidence: unsure about rain tomorrow. See the models →
- Outlook Next few weeks, compared with normal: a bit warmer and normal rain. See the outlook →
- Normal Today, cooler than normal for late October (−7.0 °F; normal high: 84 °F). Climate by month →
Forecast from Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0) with models from ECMWF, NOAA, Météo-France, DWD, Copernicus Marine and CAMS. Updated at 6:57 pm (local time).
The sun in Praia da Reserva
Sunrise and sunset
- First light 4:20 am
- Full dark 6:55 pm
- Civil dawn 4:48 am
- Civil dusk 6:28 pm
- Solar noon 11:37 am (80° high)
- Daylight 12 h 53 min (+1 min)
- Evening golden hour 5:34 pm
- Full dark 6:55 pm
Golden hour and the day-night map
Today the sun is 92,356,914 mi away and looks 32′ 11″ across.
The moon in Praia da Reserva
Moon phase and position
Today the moon is 226,432 mi away and looks 32′ 47″ across.
Solunar periods
Today's activity: medium- 12:23–2:23 am Major · the moon passes overhead · high activity
- 12:54–2:54 pm Major · the moon passes underfoot · high activity
- 6:18–7:18 am Minor · moonset · medium activity
- 8:34–9:34 pm Minor · moonrise · medium activity
According to solunar theory, fish feed more when the moon passes overhead or underfoot (major periods, about 2 h) and when it rises or sets (minor periods, 1 h). It works best around new and full moon.
Upcoming moon phases
2026 moon calendar →- Last quarter Sun, Nov 1 · 5:29 pmNov 1 in 4 days
- New moon Mon, Nov 9 · 4:03 amNov 9 in 12 days
- First quarter Tue, Nov 17 · 8:48 amNov 17 in 20 days
- Full moon Tue, Nov 24 · 11:54 amNov 24 in 27 days
Perigee on October 28, 226,426 mi away, coinciding with the spring tides from October 26 to 28: they will be stronger than usual.
Where to fish in Praia da Reserva
Piers, ramps and tackle shops nearby
Map: OpenFreeMap · © OpenMapTiles · © OpenStreetMap contributors
- Boat ramp 7.1 mi
- Toca do Pescador 4.6 mi
- JF Caiaques & Pesca 6.5 mi
- Empório Do Pescador RJ 6.5 mi
- Tackle shop 7.0 mi
Within 9.3 mi. A spot may be missing or closed. Open the map on OpenStreetMap · Missing one? Add it to OpenStreetMap
Spots: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) and Overture Maps.
Water depth
Drops off fastThe bottom drops off fast: the water is 33 ft deep just 150 ft from shore.
From the shoreline out to sea, heading south.
How far from shore
- 16 ft deep80 ft
- 33 ft deep150 ft
- 66 ft deep0.3 mi
- 164 ft deepnot within 3.1 mi
For fishing, swimming and diving
- Shore fishing. Deep water close in: about 42 ft just 330 ft out. Good for casting from rocks, jetties or the beach itself; current and surf hit harder here.
- Swimming. The bottom drops quickly near the shore and you are soon out of your depth. Keep an eye on kids and weak swimmers.
- Diving. Shore diving works here: 33 ft at 150 ft and 66 ft at 0.3 mi from shore.
Rough estimate: here the data comes in cells of about 0.3 mi and misses details near shore (rocks, sandbars, small coves).
Source: NOAA ETOPO 2022 (CC0), cells of about 0.3 mi; depth below mean sea level. For reference only: not for navigation or anchoring.
Tides near Praia da ReservaTides nearby
- Barra da Tijuca3.2 mi
- São Conrado9.1 mi
- Rocinha10 mi
- Vidigal11 mi
- Leblon12 mi
- Ipanema13 mi
- Copacabana15 mi
- Estácio15 mi
- Cordovil15 mi
- Botafogo15 mi
Praia da Reserva at a glance
- Beach. Coordinates: 23.017° S, 43.411° W.
- It is 16 mi southwest of Rio de Janeiro, the main place in Río de Janeiro. The sun rises 1 min later and sets 1 min later than in Rio de Janeiro.
- 3.2 mi from Barra da Tijuca.
- The nearest tide station, Ilha Fiscal, is 18 mi to the northeast.
- Its coast faces south.
- Beaches and harbors nearby: Praia do Recreio dos Bandeirantes (0.1 mi), Barra da Tijuca Beach (0.2 mi), Restinga de Jacarepaguá (1.1 mi), Pontal (4.2 mi).
Questions about Praia da ReservaQuestions
Where is Praia da Reserva?
3.2 mi from Barra da Tijuca, in Río de Janeiro (Brazil). The shore faces south.
What amenities does Praia da Reserva have?
According to OpenStreetMap: lifeguard, restrooms and parking. Some may be missing or out of date, so ask at the beach.
What time is high tide today in Praia da Reserva?
Today in Praia da Reserva there are high tides at 3:48 am (3.4 ft) and 3:39 pm (2.8 ft) and low tides at 10:52 am and 10:57 pm. Tide coefficient 91.
What time is sunset today in Praia da Reserva?
At 6:04 pm. There is light until the end of civil twilight, at 6:28 pm.
What time is sunrise tomorrow in Praia da Reserva?
At 5:10 am. First light comes at 4:19 am.
What phase is the moon today?
Waning gibbous, 92% illuminated. New moon on Mon, Nov 9 · 4:03 am.
When are the next spring tides?
From October 26 to 28, together with the lunar perigee: they will be stronger than usual.
What are today's solunar periods?
Major 12:23–2:23 am, Minor 6:18–7:18 am, Major 12:54–2:54 pm, Minor 8:34–9:34 pm. Today's activity is medium.
What's the weather like today in Praia da Reserva?
Overcast, from 68 °F to 77 °F, with a gentle breeze from the east (10 mph) and a 7% chance of rain.
How is the sea today in Praia da Reserva?
Moderate (Douglas 4): 5.2 ft waves with a period of 6.9 s from the southeast. The water is 74.5 °F.
When is the best time to visit Praia da Reserva?
The best time to visit Praia da Reserva is from June to August: highs of 81 °F to 82 °F, about 6 rainy days a month and 5 hours of sunshine a day.
Can I use this data for navigation?
No. These are predictions for fishing and leisure; for navigation, use the official publications.
Where this data comes from
Tide: Ilha Fiscal (Rio de Janeiro) station, with constants from TICON-4 (Hart-Davis, Dettmering and Seitz, 2025, SEANOE), licensed CC BY 4.0, via Slackwater database (changes). Sun and moon: our own calculation with astronomy-engine. Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Coastline: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).